Abstract Full scale simulations of neuronal network models the brain are challenging due to high density connections between neurons. This contribution reports run times shorter than simulated span biological time for a full model local cortical microcircuit with explicit representation synapses on recent conventional compute node. Realtime performance is relevant robotics and closed-loop appli...

Glial cells form a network in the central nervous system to support neurons and interact with them. The glia consist essentially of astrocytes that help with the nutrition of neurons and react in some cases of injury, oligodendrocytes that produce myelin, and microglia that are derived from the haemopoietic system and are concerned with the immunological defense of the nervous system. Experimen...

In this study, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) fraction extracted from the mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) was investigated for its neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death in rat primary cortical neurons. Cell membrane damage and mitochondrial function were assessed by LDH release and MTT reduction assays, respectively. A time-course study of ...

The ability of cortical neurons to accurately encode the temporal pattern of their inputs has important consequences for cortical function and perceptual acuity. Here we identify cellular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of cortical neurons to the timing of sensory-evoked synaptic inputs. We find that temporally coincident inputs to layer 4 neurons in primary visual cortex evoke an increas...

The functioning of the mammalian brain depends upon the precision and accuracy of its neural connections, and nowhere is this requirement more evident than in the neocortex of the cerebral hemispheres. The neocortex is a structure that is divided both radially, from the pial surface to the white matter into six cell layers , and tangentially into more than 40 different cytoarchitectu­ ral areas...

context the current study aimed to review research articles concerning cortical representational plasticity following the manipulations of inputs. evidence acquisition this review article compromised previous studies in pubmed, google scholar and scientific information databases according to the keywords since 1988. results ca1 neurons depolarization paired with ca3 presynaptic input result in ...

During cortical development, embryonic neurons migrate from germinal zones near the ventricle into the cortical plate, where they organize into layers. Mechanisms that direct neuronal migration may include molecules that act as chemoattractants. In rats, GABA, which localizes near the target destination for migrating cortical neurons, stimulates embryonic neuronal migration in vitro. In mice, g...

BACKGROUND The p35-Cdk5 kinase has been implicated in a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including axon outgrowth, axon guidance, fasciculation, and neuronal migration during cortical development. In p35(-/-) mice, embryonic cortical neurons are unable to migrate past their predecessors, leading to an inversion of cortical layers in the adult cortex. RESULTS In order ...

The generation, differentiation, and migration of newborn neurons are critical features of normal brain development that are subject to both extracellular and intracellular regulation. However, the means of such control are only partially understood. Here, we show that expression of RTP801/REDD1, an inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation, is regulated during neuronal diffe...

Mechanisms intrinsic to the early cerebral cortex have been implicated in the establishment of cortical area identity. However, the extent to which the cortical protomap contributes to the formation of highly complex intrahemispheric connections remains obscure. Mechanisms by which postmitotic neurons establish correct corticocortical connections later in corticogenesis also remain to be elucid...