In August 2009 the Sun illuminated Saturn's rings from almost exactly edge-on, revealing a subtle corrugation that extends across the entire C ring. This corrugation's amplitude is 2 to 20 meters and its wavelength is 30 to 80 kilometers. Radial trends in the corrugation's wavelength indicate that this structure--like a similar corrugation previously identified in the D ring--results from diffe...

Vortex dynamics is an important research subject for geophysics, astrophysics, engineering, and plasma physics. Regarding vortex interactions, only limited problems, such as point have been studied. Here, the nonlinear interaction of two non-uniform sheets with density stratification investigated using sheet model. These appear, example, in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability that occurs when a shock...

The classic first-order thrust approximation for solar sails is analytically extended to include the effects of secondary reflections and generalized in a practical Finite Element Model (FEM) based routine. Examination and inclusion of secondary reflection forces are shown to grow increasingly non-trivial as the deformation becomes more extreme. The approach taken herein does not address the “b...

Microstrip antennas are widely used in a broad range of military and commercial applications due to its low cost, low profile, easy fabrication and light weight. But this kind of antenna also has some drawbacks. For example, the diffraction of surface waves at the edge of finite grounded substrate decreases the antenna efficiency and degrades the antenna pattern [1]. In the phased array antenna...

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a statistical method useful in the modeling and analysis of problems in which the response variable receives the influence of several independent variables, in order to determine which are the conditions under which should operate these variables to optimize a corrugated box production process. The purpose of this research is to create response surface mode...

In the present article, a numerical study is performed to investigate the crushing behavior of cylindrical and conical corrugated composite tubes. Different aluminum foams are applied to the proposed structures in order to offer an excellent energy absorption capacity. The crushing behavior of tubes are evaluated in terms of two parameters: SEA (specific energy absorption) and CFE (crush force ...

Multifunctional composite panels for flame retardant and thermal insulation have not yet been studied. In the current study, we prepared sandwich sheets by using continuous glass fiber polypropylene prepreg tape compared properties of different fillings. Corrugated panels, featuring a corrugated space filled with materials, were their mechanical are tested verified. Determining two structural p...

During the corrugated board making process the board is passing several rollers and belts, which compress the material more or less. This also happens later in the process when corrugated board sheets are printed, scored and die-cut. As a damage trouble shooting tool, thickness measurements are not sensitive enough to estimate the amount of crushing in these processes. The loss in thickness wil...