To assess facial form, one has to determine the size, position, orientation, shape, and symmetry of the different facial units. Many of these assessments require a frame of reference. The customary coordinate system used for these assessments is the 'standard anatomical frame of reference', a three-dimensional Cartesian system made by three planes: the sagittal, the axial, and the coronal. Cons...

INTRODUCTION The aim of surgical treatment in idiopathic scoliosis is correction, solid fusion and restoration of normal sagittal alignment of the spinal curves. The goal of this paper is to formulate a new uniform approach to evaluation of treatment outcomes in idiopathic scoliosis patients, considering not only the degree of correction but also coronal and sagittal balance. MATERIAL AND MET...

Early reports established a role for MRI in the investigation of thoracic malignancy. Gamsu et a I (1) showed two main advantages over CT in the mediastinum: ease in distinguishing between lymph nodes and vascular structures and very high contrast between lesions and fatty tissue. The ability to scan in any desired plane is also an advantage. If direct comparison with chest X-rays is desired th...

INTRODUCTION Differences in the magnitude of bowing between races are well-known characteristics of the femur. Asian races have an increased magnitude of femoral bowing but most of the orthopedic implants designed for the femur do not match this exaggerated bowing. We calculated the sagittal and coronal femoral bowing in the Japanese population at different levels of the femur and addressed its...

In this study, we introduce an arthroscopic acromioplasty technique based on original bony landmarks, namely biplanar acromioplasty. This focuses smoothing both the coronal and transverse plane of acromion, corresponding to anterior inferior acromial surface, restores acromion its shape. We believe is effective, time-saving, reproducible.

BACKGROUND Muscles are important "sensors of the joint instability". The aim of this study was to identify the neuro-motor control strategies adopted by patients with anterior shoulder instability during overhead shoulder elevation in two planes. METHODS The onset, time of peak activation, and peak magnitude of seven shoulder muscles (posterior deltoid, bilateral upper trapezius, biceps brach...

PURPOSE: Early stage breast cancer is typically treated with lumpectomy. During lumpectomy, electromagnetic tracking can be used to monitor tumor position using a localization needle with an electromagnetic sensor fixed on the needle shaft. This needle is stabilized in the tumor with tissue locking wire hooks, which are deployed once the needle is inserted. The localization needle may displace ...

For opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), it is recommended that the osteotomy line is parallel to the medial tibial posterior slope (TPS) in the sagittal view and that the alignments are simultaneously controlled in the coronal and sagittal views. Here combined computed tomography (CT)-based and image-free navigation systems were used for intraoperative reference during OWHTO. Using the...

OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of evaluating the subarachnoid space by measuring two novel sonographic parameters in axial section using transabdominal ultrasound, in addition to the parameters previously defined in coronal section, and to construct a normal range for the subarachnoid space width in singleton healthy fetuses. METHODS Healthy pregnant women between 20 and 29 weeks wer...