Tungsten has been chosen as the plasma-facing material (PFM) for divertor region in ITER and also a candidate PFM future plasma-burning nuclear fusion reactors. During device operation, PFMs will be exposed to low-energy He irradiation at high temperatures, resulting sub-surface bubbles surface morphology changes such pores fuzz. Carbide dispersion-strengthened W materials may enhance ductility...

     In a hydrothermal route devoted for synthesis of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HA) nanostructures, morphology can be controlled by experimental condition to form magical HA or nanostructured nanoparticles. In an intermediate condition, a novel nanostructure namely rose-like bundle of HA rod-likes was found, which is different from known HA nanostructures. The...

Coral reef fishes, like many other marine organisms, are affected by anthropogenic stressors such as fishing and pollution and, owing to climate change, are experiencing increasing water temperatures and ocean acidification. Against the backdrop of these various stressors, a mechanistic understanding of processes governing individual organismal performance is the first step for identifying driv...

We provide evidence from field experiments that within-coral colony variation in lightlimited electron transport rates through Photosystem II is positively correlated with water flow over the coral surface. We made in situ paired measurements of water flow and photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR) over the upstream and downstream faces of several coral colonies at Conch Reef, Key Largo...

In this study, we mapped the distribution of Cold-Water Coral (CWC) habitats on the northern Ionian Margin (Mediterranean Sea), with an emphasis on assessing coral coverage at various spatial scales over an area of 2,000 km(2) between 120 and 1,400 m of water depth. Our work made use of a set of data obtained from ship-based research surveys. Multi-scale seafloor mapping data, video inspections...

Free-swimming larvae of tropical corals go through a critical life-phase when they return from the open ocean to select a suitable settlement substrate. During the planktonic phase of their life cycle, the behaviours of small coral larvae (<1 mm) that influence settlement success are difficult to observe in situ and are therefore largely unknown. Here, we show that coral larvae respond to acous...

Competition between reef-building corals and benthic algae is of key importance for reef dynamics. These interactions occur on many spatial scales, ranging from chemical to regional. Using microprobes, 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and underwater surveys, we examined the interactions between the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis and four types of benthic algae. The macroalgae Dictyota bartayr...

Programming the reaction chemistry for superseding the formation of Sm2O3 in a competitive process of formation and dissolution, the crystal growth patterns are varied and two different nanostructures of Sm2O3 in 2D confinement regime are designed. Among these, the regular and self-assembled square platelets nanostructures exhibit paramagnetic behavior analogous to the bulk Sm2O3. But, the othe...

We report the synthesis of Ag-ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity by a facile wet-chemical method. The structural, optical, plasmonic and photocatalytic properties of the Ag-ZnO hybrid nanostructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) an...