Madder is considered the queen of the reds which is one of the oldest used natural dyes. In this study, madder was applied to cotton and silk fabrics by using mordants in various ways to investigate the coloring effects. Alum and copper sulphate were used as mordants not only before and after dyeing process but also during the process. The aqueous extract of the dye was applied on the scoured c...

Pulp and paper mill effluent is highly polluting and is a subject of great environmental concern. In the present research we studied the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour from paper mill effluent, using the coagulation process. A batch coagulation study was conducted using various coagulants such as aluminium chloride (AlCl3), polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and copper sulphate (C...

The long-term programme of technical examination conducted at the National Gallery, London, during cataloguing of the Netherlandish School paintings surveyed the materials and techniques of a wide range of artists, including not only Van Eyck, Van der Weyden, Bosch, Bruegel, Massys and Gossaert but also lesser known painters from the same period. The research presented in this article brings to...

Uptake of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) by ryegrass/ white clover based dairy pasture from autumn spray applications of cobalt sulphate (CoSO 4 ) copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ) and Cu chelate was measured at a site near Woodlands in Southland. The rates of application were 0, 12.6, 25.2, 50.5 g Co/ha (0, 60, 120 and 240 g CoSO 4 / ha), and 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kg Cu/ha. The concentration of Co in herbag...

The biological antagonism between copper and molybdenum was discovered when cattle grazing pastures high in Mo were found to develop a syndrome characterized by diarrhoea, growth retardation, anaemia and achromotrichia, which could be prevented by administering Cu. This syndrome was subsequently reproduced in non-ruminants, but further studies revealed important differences in the nature of the...

The biological antagonism between copper and molybdenum was discovered when cattle grazing pastures high in Mo were found to develop a syndrome characterized by diarrhoea, growth retardation, anaemia and achromotrichia, which could be prevented by administering Cu. This syndrome was subsequently reproduced in non-ruminants, but further studies revealed important differences in the nature of the...

The research presented in this paper focused on the preliminary non- and semi-destructive analysis of copper alloys, corrosion, soil components from a Roman archaeological site Israel. Investigations using portable X-ray fluorescence, diffraction scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy as well micromorphological analyses were carried out to gain better understanding cor...