Noroviruses (family Caliciviridae) are the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus is highly infectious and touching contaminated surfaces can contribute to infection spread. Although the virus was identified over 40 years ago the lack of methods to assess infectivity has hampered the study of the human pathogen. Recently the murine virus, MNV-1, has successfully been used a...

titanium nitride-copper (tin-cu) nanocomposite films were deposited onto stainless steel substrate using hollow cathode discharge ion plating technique. the influence of cu content in the range of 2-7 at.% on the microstructure, morphology and mechanical properties of deposited films were investigated. structural properties of the films were studied by x-ray diffraction pattern. topography of t...

A contact system driven by a high energetic Thomson actuator requires to be decelerated from full speed down to zero. The forces originated from the interaction between a stationary copper tube and a moving array of magnets combined with plastic or ferromagnetic material are used to generate eddy-current damping. Five different configurations of small but strong (N52) neodymium magnets and spac...

The contribution of environmental surface contamination with pathogenic organisms to the development of health care-associated infections (HAI) has not been well defined. The microbial burden (MB) associated with commonly touched surfaces in intensive care units (ICUs) was determined by sampling six objects in 16 rooms in ICUs in three hospitals over 43 months. At month 23, copper-alloy surface...

Pope et al. (2007) found lowered monthly mortality rates during a 1967–1968 copper smelter strike, coincident with and attributed to widespread reduced airborne sulfate levels. The authors cited three “intervention” studies associating particulate emissions reductions with mortality reductions as supportive. Evidence below suggests that mortality reductions in the study by Pope et al. and “inte...

Abstract In order to discuss the effect of different outer liner material on performance double cylinder-cone shaped charge, nonlinear dynamics software Autodyn-2D was used carry out numerical simulation, and jet shape penetration steel target were analysed when copper, nickel, tungsten, tantalum as materials copper inner cover material. The result shows that head is formed by cylindrical part ...

Pope et al. (2007) found lowered monthly mortality rates during a 1967–1968 copper smelter strike, coincident with and attributed to widespread reduced airborne sulfate levels. The authors cited three “intervention” studies associating particulate emissions reductions with mortality reductions as supportive. Evidence below suggests that mortality reductions in the study by Pope et al. and “inte...

design and synthesis of high-performance hydrogenstorage materials. Although the weakest X-ray scattering amplitude of hydrogen made it difficult to determine their structure, we have succeeded in the first direct observation of elusive H2 molecules adsorbed in the nano-channels of a metal-organic porous material by the in situ synchrotron powder diffraction experiment of gas adsorption and by ...

The atmospheric corrosion due to pure amines emitted from carbon capture plants was investigated. Amine exposure found initially inhibit the of steel, by its film formation and alkalinity, but reduce product layers lead freezing point depression, which could in turn increase corrosion. Very high amine doses were observed dissolve metal without establishing a layer. These effects seem much more ...