This paper begins by reviewing the debate about exchange rate regimes in the transition countries of Eastern and Central Europe (CEECs), and suggests that prototypically such countries move through three stages: from fixed rates to flexible rates or, typically, managed floats, and then back to fixed rates again in preparation for adopting the euro. The paper then analyzes dilemmas associated wi...

In 2004, the 31 countries of the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) adopted the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia. In 2013, 29,157 persons were diagnosed with HIV in 30 EU/EEA countries (adjusted rate: 6.2/100,000); new diagnoses have increased by 33% since 2004 among men who have sex with men and late diagnosis remains common. Eviden...

Bilateral and multilateral development cooperation agencies are to an increasing extent promoting and adopting a sector-wide approach (SWAp) in their development cooperation. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), for example, joined their first sector-wide approach cooperation in the late 90s, and today they are involved in SWAps in countries in Africa, Asia and Latin...

Without a perception of a common threat from China and in the presence of the continuing tensions and disputes among ASEAN countries, intra-ASEAN defense cooperation remains limited. Over the past decade, all ASEAN decisions related to defense expenditures, weapon acquisitions, and force modernization have been made on a national basis without intra-ASEAN coordination, reflecting ASEAN interest...

Forty two Paleocene benthic foraminiferal species of the Midway Formation in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, USA were firstly investigated by Plummer (1927), and its paleogeographic distribution in some other countries in the Tethyan province were recorded: North America (USA, Mexico), South America (Argentina), Europe (North Sea Basin, Spain, France, Italy, Czech Republic, Bulgaria), North Af...

The article discusses the increasing roles of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) EU investment policies in Asia development. During past decades, China has increased their positions global with strategic plan to facilitate regional country development Asia. also a long history assisting countries achieve involved assistance projects raise countries’ levels. With two sides world- EU, there are coop...