â â â â â â  â  abstract â  outward-oriented economies seem to grow faster than inward-looking ones. does the literature on convergence have anything to say on this? in the dynamic heckscher-ohlin-samuelson model, with factor-price equalization, there is no convergence of incomes. this is because with identical preferences and return to capital, irrespective of initial levels the growth rates o...

The sequential $p$-convergence in a fuzzy metric space, in the sense of George and Veeramani, was introduced by D. Mihet as a weaker concept than convergence. Here we introduce a stronger concept called $s$-convergence, and we characterize those fuzzy metric spaces in which convergent sequences are $s$-convergent. In such a case $M$ is called an $s$-fuzzy metric. If $(N_M,ast)$ is a fuzzy metri...

the main purpose of this paper is to examine the convergence of price-levels of tradable goods in comparison to that of services (non-tradable) under the free trade among iranian provinces over 2007- 2012. this comparison has been achieved by applying the pair-wise approach which has been recently developed by pesaran (2005). in this approach, the time series models (adf, df-gls and kpss unit r...

We construct one-step iterative process for an α- nonexpansive mapping and a mapping satisfying condition (C) in the framework of a convex metric space. We study △-convergence and strong convergence of the iterative process to the common fixed point of the mappings. Our results are new and are valid in hyperbolic spaces, CAT(0) spaces, Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces, simultaneously.

The spline collocation method is used to approximate solutions of boundary value problems. The convergence analysis is given and the method is shown to have second-order convergence. A numerical illustration is given to show the pertinent features of the technique.  

In this paper, fuzzy variational iteration method (FVIM) is proposed to solve the second- order fuzzy Abel-Volterra integro-differential equations. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed method are proved in details. is investigated to verify convergence results and to illustrate the efficiently of the method.

Although homotopy-based methods, namely homotopy analysis method andhomotopy perturbation method, have largely been used to solve functionalequations, there are still serious questions on the convergence issue of thesemethods. Some authors have tried to prove convergence of these methods, butthe researchers in this article indicate that some of those discussions are faulty.Here, after criticizi...

a new approach utilizing newton method and homotopy analysis method (ham) is proposed for solving nonlinear system of equations. accelerating the rate of convergence of ham, and obtaining a global quadratic rate of convergence are the main purposes of this approach. the numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and the performance of proposed approach. the comparison with conventional homoto...

in this paper, we consider first-order fuzzy differential equations with initial value conditions. the convergence, consistency and stability of difference method for approximating the solution of fuzzy differential equations involving generalized h-differentiability, are studied. then the local truncation error is defined and sufficient conditions for convergence, consistency and stability of ...