Nam et al. undertook a remarkable study highlighting job stress in the field of gastroenterology. Among their findings, they noted that fellows demonstrated insufficient job control in relation to more senior professorial colleagues. The field of gastroenterology has been slow to catch up with advances in medical education. Hence, this finding is not a surprise. When we look into the science of...

Feedback is important for learning. However, there are different types of feedback, and not all feedback is effective. Here we introduce recursive feedback (RF), which occurs when tutors observe their pupils use what they have been taught. Two experiments examined the value of RF during learning by teaching. In the first study adults taught another adult face to face about human biology. Those ...

this study was conducted to compare the impact of two vocabulary learning techniques, namely context learning and translation learning, on vocabulary recall of sixty pre-university iranian learners of english as a foreign language. they were divided into two groups of high and low proficient. in regard to two vocabulary learning conditions, each group was divided into two subgroups of fifteen. ...

An increasing number of studies have investigated the effects of different types of corrective feedback. However, doubts have been raised whether field (in)dependent (FI/FD) L2 learners benefit differently from the explicit type of corrective feedback (i.e., metalinguistic). This study examined the (possible) effects of metalinguistic feedback on FI/FD intermediate L2 learners’ writing accuracy...

anxiety disorders are the most common reasons for referring to specialized clinics. if the response to stress changed, anxiety can be greatly controlled. the most obvious effect of stress occurs on circulatory system especially through sweating. the electrical conductivity of skin or in other words galvanic skin response (gsr) which is dependent on stress level is used; beside this parameter pe...

The idea that teaching others is a powerful way to learn is intuitively compelling and supported in the research literature. We have developed computer-based, domain-independent Teachable Agents that students can teach using a visual representation. The students query their agent to monitor their learning and problem solving behavior. This motivates the students to learn more so they can teach ...

abstractthis study examined the effect of two types of feedback, post-text as a written feedback and recast as an oral one on written grammatical accuracy of iranian intermediate efl learners. to this end, 45 intermediate students who were studying at ideal language institute in sari were selected based on their performance on the nelson proficiency test, and then divided into three groups (two...

This paper contributes a first study into how different human users deliver simultaneous control and feedback signals during human-robot interaction. As part of this work, we formalize and present a general interactive learning framework for online cooperation between humans and reinforcement learning agents. In many humanmachine interaction settings, there is a growing gap between the degrees-...

Categorical learning is dependent on feedback. Here, we compare how positive and negative feedback affect information-integration (II) category learning. Ashby and O'Brien (2007) demonstrated that both positive and negative feedback are required to solve II category problems when feedback was not guaranteed on each trial, and reported no differences between positive-only and negative-only feedb...