We augment a standard dictator game to investigate how preferences for an environmental project relate to willingness to limit others’ choices. We explore this issue by distinguishing three student groups: economists, environmental economists, and environmental social scientists. We find that people are generally disposed to grant freedom of choice, but only within certain limits. In addition, ...

Branding has become one of the most important determinants of consumer choices. Intriguingly, the psychological mechanisms of how branding influences decision making remain elusive. In the research reported here, we used a preference-based decision-making task and computational modeling to identify which internal components of processing are affected by branding. We found that a process of nois...

This paper focuses on the issue of limited financial market participation and determines a lower bound on the level of fixed transaction costs that are required to reconcile observed portfolio choices with asset returns within an isoelastic utility framework. The bound is determined from the set of conditions that ensure the optimality of consumption behavior by financial market non-participant...

When consumers face many options, intermediaries can help by ranking them, which in turn can influence how consumers search and what they ultimately purchase. To understand such influence, it is crucial to separate the role the ranking plays in consumer choices from other characteristics of the firm. As the ranking is endogenous, separately identifying the role of the ranking is challenging. In...

listening skill and speaking skill, according language didactics, have close interaction in lingual communications. therefore, measuring listening comprehension without considering other language skills seems to be difficult. the present study is an effort to compare the effectiveness of oral and written multiple-choice listening tests for persian language learners. in fact, this study answers ...

During the early and middle 19th century, the Trans-Mississippi West experienced a period of significant economic and social transformation. Economic expansion during this period was characterized by town building; commerce over the Santa Fe, Oregon, and other trails; railroad construction; mining; and the development of a significant river commerce. At the same time, Native Americans from the ...

In social network markets, the act of consumer choice in these industries is governed not just by the set of incentives described by conventional consumer demand theory, but by the choices of others in which an individuals payoff is an explicit function of the actions of others. We observe two key empirical features of outcomes in social networked markets. First, a highly right-skewed, nonGauss...

Preference Theory tells us that individuals who can express opinions about the various alternatives available to them will act as if they are maximizing a utility function. It is important to remember that this isn’t meant to be a description of what people actually do when they make decisions. Obviously people don’t consciously maximize anything when they make choices. Consumers who never got ...

Livestock is considered central component in agricultural sector of Pakistan, provides employment to more than 8 million families. Meat and meat products holds pivotal significance in meeting dietary requirements serving as major protein source and provide essential vitamins and minerals. Globally, consumer demand is increasing for healthy, hygienic and safe meat and meat products due to growin...

Two powerful, highly effective strategic tools that retailers possess involve pricing and store format decisions. From the several strategic choices vailable for each decision, a retailer can choose any combination. We focus on two gaps in the literature. First, both decisions are specific to the onsumers to whom the stores cater and the environments within which they operate, yet little academ...