Natural convection between vertical parallel plates occurs frequently in applications such as solar collectors and cooling of electronic instruments. The problem is a two dimensional developing buoyant flow. In this work, the two dimensional conservation equations are solved numerically for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux. The results for the local Nusselt number at the du...

This straightforward extension of the T = 0 renormalizat ion group ( R G ) results is not completely satisfactory. In ref. [ 2 ], Matsumoto et al. generalize the RG approach at finite T i n the framework of the real t ime formalism [3]. In this framework, the ultraviolet divergences are the same as at T = 0 but in addit ion to the freedom of choosing the usual m o m e n t u m renormalizat ion p...

The Nose! ± Hoover chain thermostat of Martyna, Klein and Tuckerman has been adapted to work with our generalized valence bond ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method, allowing us to perform AIMD in the canonical ensemble (constant number of particles, temperature, and volume). The canonical ensemble is ideal for simulated annealing, which can be used to ® nd global potential energy minima. ...

Relating the pion decay constant to the chiral restoration temperature. Abstract We review the relationship between the pion decay constant f π , the chiral symmetry restoration temperature T c and the phenomenology of low energy chiral symmetry breaking in view of the recent confirmation of the existence of a sigma meson with a mass of 600-700 MeV.

Development of ectotherms is highly temperature dependent. Studies using variable thermal environments can improve ecological relevance of data because organisms naturally face day-to-day stochastic temperature fluctuations as well as seasonal changes in the amplitude of such daily fluctuations. The objective of this study was to investigate if, and to what extent, the use of constant temperatu...

Objectives of our study were to quantify the effects of apical dominance and bud cluster activity on asparagus yield patterns and to collect data for process-oriented modeling of the asparagus crop. Plants were grown in 40 L containers. After four years the soil above the asparagus crowns was removed and the containers were placed in a growth chamber at 20 ̊C for three months. During this time, ...