Multisensory plasticity enables us to dynamically adapt sensory cues to one another and to the environment. Without external feedback, "unsupervised" multisensory calibration reduces cue conflict in a manner largely independent of cue reliability. But environmental feedback regarding cue accuracy ("supervised") also affects calibration. Here we measured the combined influence of cue accuracy an...

Like other animals flies develop a state of learned helplessness in response to unescapable aversive events. To show this, two flies, one 'master', one 'yoked', are each confined to a dark, small chamber and exposed to the same sequence of mild electric shocks. Both receive these shocks when the master fly stops walking for more than a second. Behavior in the two animals is differently affected...

Systemic administration of dopamine D1-like (SCH23390) and, to a lesser degree D2-like (raclopride), receptor antagonists significantly reduce the acquisition and expression of fructose-conditioned flavor preferences (CFP) in rats. Given the role of dopamine in the amygdala (AMY) in the processing and learning of food reward, the present study examined whether dopamine D1-like or D2-like antago...

The advent of real-time neurofeedback techniques has allowed us to begin to map the controllability of sensory and cognitive and, more recently, affective centers in the brain. The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is thought to be involved in generation of affective states and has been implicated in psychopathology. In this study, we examined whether individuals could use real-time fM...

Picosecond and femtosecond superfluorescent beatings are observed from a dense atomic vapor. Cesium atoms excited by laser pulses via two-photon processes into their coherent superpositions of the ground 6S 8S states. The yoked blue light at lower transitions - 7P is recorded studied. Delayed buildup time this measured as function input beam power using high-resolution 2 ps streak camera. At lo...