A new simple shear apparatus is fabricated which is capable of applying monotonic and cyclic load on soil specimens. A series of tests was conducted to study the pore pressures (or suction), volume change, and shear behavior of the soil samples with anisotropic consolidation pressure. The simple shear apparatus is capable of controlling as well as measuring pore-air and pore-water pressure in t...

In dusty plasma experiments, the confining potential of the GEC rf Reference Cell is commonly assumed to be parabolic. There are various ways to test this assumption, many of which interfere with the plasma. We use the noninvasive method of perturbing a single particle suspended in the plasma with laser pulses. In this experiment a cw laser (532nm, 0.01.05W) supplied the radiation pressure forc...

This article presents the results for cyclic uni/triaxial tests on deeply seated granite samples drilled from a −915 m deep tunnel in Sanshandao (SSD) gold mine. The monotonic and were carried out to observe mechanical responses of under different loading regimes. disparities concerning strain evolution compressive strength considering uniaxial triaxial are presented. Deformation behaviour, dis...

We consider several aspects of ‘confining strings’, recently proposed to describe the confining phase of gauge field theories. We perform the exact duality transformation that leads to the confining string action and show that it reduces to the Polyakov action in the semiclassical approximation. In 4D we introduce a ‘θ-term’ and compute the low-energy effective action for the confining string i...