Normal conductor-insulator-superconductor ~NIS! junctions promise to be interesting for x-ray and phonon sensing applications, in particular due to the expected self-cooling of the N electrode by the tunneling current. Such cooling would enable the operation of the active element of the sensor below the cryostat temperature and at a correspondingly higher sensitivity. It would also allow the us...

A kind of nanocomposites with good dispersion in water was prepared through noncovalent adsorption of toluidine blue (Tb) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for electric communication between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and electrode. The nanocomposites could be conveniently cast on electrode surface. With the aid of chitosan, HRP was then immobilized on the nanostructure to form a reagen...

This paper gives first of all the definition of the work function of an electronic as well as an ionic conductor. FET-type gas sensors known from the literature are considered in view of this basic theory and the parameter of the work function which is responsible for the sensing properties is noticed. This appears not always to be possible for the various types of gas sensors, in this case the...

I N T R O D U C T I O N Stabilised ~ bismuth oxide based systems form a new generation of compounds capable of improved performance in oxygen pump and oxygen sensor applications compared to the conventional stabilised zirconia based materials. The high temperature isomorph of bismuth oxide, the ~ phase, is an excellent oxygen ion conductor (I). This phase can be stabilised to room temperature b...

Compared to traditional lasers, diode lasers are generally small, reliable and easy to operate. However, tuning characteristics of many commercially available standard diode lasers are often far from ideal. External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDL), in which antirefl ection (AR) coated Fabry Perot laser diodes can be utilized, provide an attractive alternative with wavelength tuning ranges of up to 1...

Overhead conductor sag may be measured by different methods. In the paper measurement of sag of 66KV power transmission line under shut down conditions at no wind load using standard handheld GPS receiver BT 359 has done. The real time direct measurement of overhead conductor sag is needed for the operation of power transmission system. The measurement of conductor tension, temperature and ambi...

The field due to an impulsive current dipole embedded in a half-space conductor adjoining a nonconducting half space is given by an exact solution of the quasistatic field equations. This solution has been used to construct a half-space dyadic Green’s function containing a term for an unbounded conductor plus terms representing the field reflected at the interface between conducting and noncond...

Let O be an order in the number field K. When O 6= OK , O is Noetherian and onedimensional, but is not integrally closed, so it has at least one nonzero prime ideal that’s not invertible and O doesn’t have unique factorization of ideals. That is, some nonzero ideal in O does not have a unique prime ideal factorization. We are going to define a special ideal in O, called the conductor, that is c...