Sometimes one hears the lament[1] that while theorists are lionized, rarely do experimenters get the credit that they deserve. To redress this balance a little, I would like to begin by recalling the life and times of Charles Drummond Ellis; whose work made the invention of the neutrino inevitable. His romantic story starts with his “conversion” from an army career as an artillery officer to re...

In beginning this overview, I want to acknowledge the fact that, even though I disagree with most of his conclusions, Bruce Ames has played an important role in further stimulating interest in cell proliferation in carcinogenesis. This meeting has provided a balanced discussion of the current state of knowledge in this field. It has also highlighted the complexities of cell proliferation, the n...

2 Requirements for Ground Simulation 5 2.1 Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.2 Blunt Body Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Instrumentation...

creativity or uncreativity of the rational soul is one of the oldest problem of philosophy. ibn sina by giving some proofs has proven the creativity of the rational soul. fakhr ad-din ar razi has propsed several critics to each of the avecina’s argument. in this article, we are going to prove that, the origin of razi’s critics is his misunderstanding in ibn sina’s philosophical views in potenti...

The relationship between the urban and rural world is examined here from the standpoint of the role of local leaders and their retinues of armed men, their impact on the cities and the impact of the cities on them. In periods of state weakness or disintegration, Afghan cities were unable to resist the ‘solidarity groups’ which had coagulated in the countryside under the pressure of constant con...

This autobiography already makes for absolutely fascinating reading. Ibn Khaldūn lived an itinerant life serving as a magistrate for—in modern geographic terms— Spanish, Moroccan, Tunisian and Egyptian Islamic courts. In that function in Granada, Spain, he negotiated treaties with the Christian Spanish crown (with Pedro the Cruel, which does not sound too encouraging). The autobiography follows...