Although China has made dramatic economic progress in recent years, air pollution continues to be the most visible environmental problem and imposes significant health and economic costs on society. Using data on pollutant concentration and population for 2003, this paper estimates the economic costs of health related effects due to particulate air pollution in urban areas of Tianjin, China. Ex...

This paper develops a new search model to explain the long tail e¤ect. Search targetibility or the quality of search is explicitly modeled. Consumers are searching for right products within right categories. Mainstream consumers are distinguished from long tail consumers in terms of the prevalence of consumer tastes in the population. We show that mainstream consumers enjoy higher utility and m...

abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 /eg and tio 2 /eg nanofluids as coolants have been used in the double-tube heat exchanger. the hot solvent inlet heat exchanger must be cooled down with a specified amount. we can use nanofluids as coolants in the heat exchanger for optimization of the heat transfer area. therefore, the efficacy of nanofluids as coolants is verified. furthermore, flow rate of c...

in this study, different methods of separating of the microalgae from the culture medium as one of the most important and expensive steps in achieving commercial production of biodiesel from microalgae was investigated. electro coagulation-flotation (ecf) was preferred among these methods due to its process simplicity and capability to scale up. the effect of three parameters, i.e., initial ph,...

After presenting an overview about variational problems on probability measures for functionals involving transport costs and extra terms encouraging or discouraging concentration, we look for optimality conditions, regularity properties and explicit computations in the case where Wasserstein distances and interaction energies are considered.

In an attempt to optimize network performance of delivered 2G and 3G services and reduce operating costs, today's mobile operators are searching for aggregation and concentration alternatives for the backhaul network. This paper explores a solution that would provide improved traffic aggregation at the regional hub sites in order to optimize traffic backhauling to the network core.

objective: type 2 diabetes is amongst the most common chronic illnesses in iran. its prevalence is increasing and it has significant economic importance. the aim of this study was to estimate direct therapeutic and non-therapeutic costs of type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes research center of yazd in 2012. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 t...