A wheelchair is a tool used to assist people with physical limitations in their legs. The most widely are standard wheelchairs manual operating system by being pushed hand. However, disabilities who have paralysis or suffer from neuromuscular and neurological conditions cannot use this wheelchair. Because of this, study focuses on implementing the Brain Computer Interface generate five commands...

Abstract Rehabilitation medicine has developed rapidly in recent years. Brain computer interface and functional electrical stimulation are very cutting-edge technologies this field. Because brain provides a real-time operation platform for patients to operate their limbs according intention stimulation, the research on BCI based FES gradually increased This paper discusses current development s...

A brain-computer interface (BCI) can arguably be considered the ultimate user interface, where humans operate a computer using thought alone. We have integrated the Graz-BCI into a highly immersive Cave-like system. In this paper we report a case study where three participants were able to control their avatar using only their thought. We have analyzed the participants’ subjective experience us...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) provide higher information throughput and require shorter training than BCI systems using other brain signals. To elicit an SSVEP, a repetitive visual stimulus (RVS) has to be presented to the user. The RVS can be rendered on a computer screen by alternating graphical patterns, or with external ligh...

Recently, interest is growing to develop an effective communication interface connecting the human brain to a computer, the ’Brain-Computer Interface’ (BCI). One motivation of BCI research is to provide a new communication channel substituting normal motor output in patients with severe neuromuscular disabilities. In the last decade, various neurophysiological cortical processes, such as slow p...

There are high technological and software demands associated with conducting Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) research. In order to accelerate the development accessibility of BCIs, it is worthwhile focus on open-source community desired tooling. Python, a prominent computer language, has emerged as language choice for many research engineering purposes. this article, BciPy, an open-source, Pytho...

The scope of this chapter is limited to applications where a Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) is used as an explicit interaction technique. In other words, we refer here to BCI as input which is voluntarily controlled by the user, rather than as an implicit interaction as in for mental or cognitive state monitoring. Designing applications using BCI as an explicit input technique for users with se...