The experiments reported in this paper indicate that a pure culture of a virulent Type I pneumococcus as transferred under ordinary conditions is made up of individuals which are not identical in virulence for animals,-in bile solubility, or in their power to multiply under unfavorable conditions. By mechanical analysis alone no avirulent strains were obtained from the virulent strain, but one,...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone...

Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds produced by species of Cordyceps sensu lato, but it is hard to produce large amounts of this substance in industrial production. In this work, single factor design, Plackett-Burman design, and central composite design were employed to establish the key factors and identify optimal culture conditions which improved cordycepin production...

The application of microalgae for energy purposes and CO2 biomitigation continues to present a number of challenges, including the optimization of culture conditions. The application of experimental designs for microalgae cultivation is difficult, since experiments involving such microorganisms generally last days or weeks. This work proposes a multipurpose laboratory apparatus for the optimiza...

In vitro-generated soft tissue could provide alternate therapies for soft tissue defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronan as scaffolds for soft tissue engineering and their interaction with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). ASCs were incorporated into methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronan hydrogels. The gels were photocrosslinked with a lithium phenyl-2...

The ‘self-referential’ character of evolutionary process noted by Goldenfeld and Woese (2010) can be restated in the context of a generalized Darwinian theory applied to economic process through a ‘language’ model: The underlying inherited and learned culture of the firm, the short-time cognitive response of the firm to patterns of threat and opportunity that is sculpted by that culture, and th...

In this paper the author reflects on his experience of photographing artworks in churches, mainly as part of his role as photographer on the Imaging the Bible in Wales Project (2005–8). The ability to subjectively create new photographic images from original objects is considered and different approaches to photographic recording are evaluated for a variety of effects. An additional perspective...

Composite culture of edible fishes (common carp, Cryprinus carpio; silver carp, Hypopthalmithys molitrix, grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella; catla, Catla catla; rohu, Labeo rohita; and mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala) in rice fields in the Cauvery delta of Tamil Nadu, southern India, resulted in 81.0% reduction in the immature mosquito population of anophelines and 83.5% of culicines. Analysis of f...

It is a well known fact that written culture suppressed oral culture in the historical process, but often in such a way that oral creations were also written down (and not simply rejected). So it is that it happened that the manner of notation adapted to the needs of the written media was in fact built into the texts of oral poems. For that reason, the history of oral lyrics together with the o...

Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 isolated from deep-sea sediment can secrete large quantity of exopolysaccharide (EPS). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture conditions for EPS production. Single-factor experiment showed that lactose was the best carbon source. Based on the Plackett-Burman design, lactose, peptone and temperature were selected as significant variables, wh...