Chargaff’s second parity rule (PR2) holds empirically for most types of DNA that along single strands of DNA the base contents are equal for complimentary bases, A = T,G = C. A Markov chain model is constructed to track the base evolution of any position along template strands of DNA whose replication is equipped with mismatch repair. Under the key assumptions that the mismatch error rates prim...

Complimentary geometric and non-geometric consistent reductions of IIB supergravity are studied. The geometric reductions on the identified group manifold X = G/Γ are found to have a gauge symmetry with Lie algebroid structure, generalising that found in similar reductions of the Bosonic string theory and eleven-dimensional supergravity. Examples of such compactifications are considered and the...

A wide-tuning range QVCO with a novel complimentary-coupling scheme is presented. Two NMOS-only VCOs are coupled via complimentary PMOS injection transistors. This shifts the injection current away from the zerocrossings of the output voltage, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the VCO to injection noise, which results in significant phasenoise improvement. Phase-shift is achieved without freq...

Light activated rhodopsin interacts with domains on all three subunits of transducin. Two of these domains, the C-terminal regions of the alpha and gamma subunits mimic the ability of transducin to stabilize the active conformation of rhodopsin, metarhodopsin II, but display different roles in transducin activation process. Whether the interactions are with the same or different complimentary s...