Lung injury is a broad descriptor that can be applied to conditions ranging from mild interstitial edema without cellular injury to massive and fatal destruction of the lung. This review addresses those methods that can be readily applied to rats and mice whose small size limits the techniques that can be practically used to assess injury. The methodologies employed range from nonspecific measu...

INTRODUCTION Both patient- and context-specific factors may explain the conflicting evidence regarding glucose control in critically ill patients. Blood glucose variability appears to correlate with mortality, but this variability may be an indicator of disease severity, rather than an independent predictor of mortality. We assessed blood glucose coefficient of variation as an independent predi...

Planetary surface vehicles (PSVs) play a critical role in space explorations. Flexible-wheel (FW) suspension concept has been regarded to be one of the novel technologies for future PSVs, where a few experimental studies have demonstrated its potential benefits in improving tractive performance of PSVs. This study develops generalized models for fundamental stiffness and damping properties and ...

Post-processing can alleviate or remove artifacts introduced by compression. However without a priori information, image enhancement schemes may fail. What is noise in one image may be important data in another. Fortunately, in image compression, we have an advantage. Before an image is stored or transmitted, we have access to the original and the distorted versions. The enhanced codec is compa...

A polymer trilayer (sandwiched) film with a thickness of 20–30 nm has been designed to serve as a wear resistant nanoscale coating for silicon surfaces. These surface structures are formed by a multiple grafting technique applied to self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and functionalized tri-block copolymer, followed by the photopolymerization of a topmost polymer layer. The unique design of this la...

To quantify the in vivo magnitude and distribution of regional compensatory lung growth following extensive lung resection, we performed high-resolution computed tomography at 15- and 30-cmH(2)O transpulmonary pressures and measured air and tissue (including microvascular blood) volumes within and among lobes in six adult male foxhounds, before and after balanced 65% lung resection ( approximat...

Biophysical parameters related to gibberellin (GA)-dependent stem elongation were examined in dark-grown stem-length genotypes of Pisum sativum L. The rate of internode expansion in these genotypes is altered due to recessive mutations which affect either the endogenous levels of, or response to, GA. The GA deficient dwarf L181 (ls), two GA insensitive semierectoides dwarfs NGB5865 and NGB58...

BACKGROUND Concerns about the cost-effectiveness of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients using pulmonary artery catheters motivate a renewed search for effective noninvasive methods to measure stroke volume. This paper explores a new approach based on noninvasively measured pulse wave velocity, pulse contour, and ultrasonically determined aortic cross sectional area. MET...

BACKGROUND Few studies of environmental justice examine inequities in drinking water contamination. Those studies that have done so usually analyze either disparities in exposure/harm or inequitable implementation of environmental policies. The US EPA's 2001 Revised Arsenic Rule, which tightened the drinking water standard for arsenic from 50 μg/L to 10 μg/L, offers an opportunity to analyze bo...