The ultrastructural features of the sieve element/companion cell complexes were screened in the stem phloem of two symplasmically loading (squash, [Cucurbita maxima L.] and Lythrum salicaria L.) and two apoplasmically loading (broad bean [Vicia faba L.] and Zinnia elegans L.) species. The distinct ultrastructural differences between the companion cells in the collection phloem of symplasmically...

Intercropping that involves coffee (Coffee arabica L.) and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) can achieve the complementarity between component crops aiming at better use of natural resources, hence resulting in optimum crop production. However, there is no detailed information scientific literature about biological economic efficiency coffee–macadamia intercropping. In this wor...

Sieve tubes are comprised of sieve elements, enucleated cells that are incapable of RNA and protein synthesis. The proteins in sieve elements are supplied from the neighboring companion cells through plasmodesmata. In rice plants, it was unclear whether or not all proteins produced in companion cells had the same distribution pattern in the sieve element-companion cell complex. In this study, t...

Based on our intensive spectroscopic campaign with the GoldCam spectrograph on the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 2.1-m telescope, we have constructed the first catalogue of E+A galaxies with spectroscopic companion galaxies, and investigated a probability that an E+A galaxy have close companion galaxies. We selected 660 E+A galaxies with 4.0Å < Hδ EW at a redshift of < 0.167 from the Da...

This paper is concerned with online caching algorithms for the (n, k)-companion cache, defined by Brehob et. al. [3]. In this model the cache is composed of two components: a k-way set-associative cache and a companion fully-associative cache of size n. We show that the deterministic competitive ratio for this problem is (n+1)(k+1)−1, and the randomized competitive ratio is O(log n log k) and Ω...

We define a companion diagnostics (CDx) test as any diagnostic tool that guides the selection of patient treatment. In the US, these tests include diagnostics cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) run in CLIA-accredited laboratories. The answer to the title’s question is obviously in the affirmative. We discuss the growing need to improv...

Which friend do you want to spend time with—a happy friend who performs better than you or an unhappy friend who performs worse than you? The present research demonstrates that in such conflicting situations, when the desires for companionship and comparison are pitted against each other, one’s level of happiness plays an important role in one’s choice. Using hypothetical scenarios, we found th...

We say that two elliptic curves E1, E2 over a number field K are n-Selmer companions for a positive integer n if for every quadratic character χ of K, there is an isomorphism Seln(E χ 1 /K) ∼= Seln(E 2 /K) between the nSelmer groups of the quadratic twists E 1 , E χ 2 . We give sufficient conditions for two elliptic curves to be n-Selmer companions, and give a number of examples of non-isogenou...