arguing that human rights treaties by their nature are different from other international agreements, this article deals mainly with such questions as succession of states in respect of human rights treaties and reservations to such instruments.  in contrast to other treaties, which are generally “inter-states exchange of interests”, human rights documents are protective instruments according t...

Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...

We exploit a 2002 change in Florida's school accountability system to measure the effects of accountability pressure on teacher mobility in Florida. We find strong evidence that teachers are more likely to leave schools that have received a failing grade. Receipt of an "F" grade has larger effects on teacher mobility in middle and high school than in elementary school. The effects are also more...

In the sixteenth century, Spanish missionaries judged and ranked human intelligence and civilization by whether the people were in possession of alphabetic writing. This was an initial moment in the configuration of the colonial difference and the building of the Atlantic imaginary, which will become the imaginary of the modern/colonial world. Translation was the special tool to absorb the colo...

The issue of how the state of Montana can best fund both its small schools/districts as well as those that are “isolated” is an important component to the state’s overall funding program. Small and isolated schools often have different needs and face costs that midand large-size districts do not have to face. To help Montana better understand how they may fund these districts, the staff from th...

PURPOSE This study identifies trends in the availability of various food choices in United States' middle and high schools from 2004 to 2007, and examines the potential associations between such food availability and students' self-reported eating habits and body mass index (BMI)-related outcomes. METHODS Data are based on nationally representative samples of 78,442 students in 684 secondary ...