it is estimated that the number of hiv infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. the number of children below 15 years of age living with hiv has increased worldwide. published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (art) as early as possible after diagnosis of hi. early confirmatio...

INTRODUCTION Echinococcosis, or hydatid disease, is endemic in some regions of the world, and has been a common pathology of surgical wards in Kosovo. Primary hydatid cyst of the gallbladder is an unusual and very rare localization of hydatid disease. So far, only five cases that fulfill the criteria of primary gallbladder hydatidosis have been published in the English medical literature. CAS...

Objective : Herein we report an unusual case of torsed giant cystic Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) in a three-year-old boy, illustrating the rarity this condition and briefly reviewing literature on it. Case Report A boy who clinically presented with severe colicky abdominal pain frequent vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography showed lesion lower abdomen. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed well-defined rig...

For better image quality, the hair of the patient should be clipped using a #40 surgical blade from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubis ventrally and bilaterally from the paralumbar fossa to the elbow, ventral to the lung fields. The skin should be thoroughly cleaned. Alcohol and warm ultrasound coupling gel applied to improve contact. Proper preparation for transrectal ultrasound i...

A 43-year-old manual worker was involved in a heavy-impact roadtraffic accident. He sustained mild concussion and major upper abdominal injuries. On admission to hospital his general condition was poor and he required immediate blood transfusion. Early laparotomy was performed for suspected intra-abdominal bleeding. The abdomen was opened through an upper midline incision, and from this a trans...

BACKGROUND The aim of this randomized controlled study was to determine whether octreotide (OCT) or scopolamine butylbromide (SB) was the more effective antisecretive drug controlling gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms due to malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) caused by advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS Ninety-seven advanced ovarian cancer patients with inoperable MBO were randomized to OCT 0.3 mg/...

studying csf (cerebro spinal fluid) is a simple and fast measure for diagnosing meningitis in children. for this reason, lp [umbar puncture] is used to treat csf.  regarding the side effects of lp, we decided to determine the positive points observed in the patients’ files than total patients confined to bed in our selected population. in this study conducted by descriptive retrospective method...

objective: to estimate incidence of reactive thrombocytosis among febrile infants and assess utility of platelet count as a potential predictor and diagnostic tool of serious bacterial infection .design:prospective non randomized study conducted between april 2011 to march 2012setting: tertiary care pediatric unit.inclusion criteria:all infants 30 to 89 days of age, admitted with rectal tempera...