Effect of pretreatment by shotblasting to workpieces before lubricating a non-chemical conversion lubricant in cold forging was examined making several surfaces with different topographies, using wet shotblasting. Backward-cup extrusion test estimated the performance pretreatment. This provides extremely large surface expansion bring severe tribological conditions. After tests, insides cup-like...

Vortex extrusion (VE) is a severe plastic deformation technique which is based on the synergies between high strain accumulation and high hydrostatic pressure. Such a high amount of pressure, places a mandate to seek the method for investigation of the load under processing conditions. For this, kinematically admissible velocity field and upper bound terms based on Bezier formulation are develo...

for many years, gutta-percha has been the root canal filling material of choice. chloroform is one of the most efficient solvents widely used for gutta-percha removal in retreatment cases, despite being toxic and carcinogenic. the present case report discusses a chloroform extrusion through an existing perforation to the surrounding periodontal ligament space and subsequent necrosis in supporti...

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of extrusion parameters (extrusion stresses and temperature) and die geometry, i.e. extrusion radius, on the extruded aluminum quality using FEM Simulation Technique. For this purpose, the general FEA Software ABAQUS was used to set up the finite element model of the warm aluminum extrusion in two dimensions (2D). Aluminum alloy Al-2014 wa...

BACKGROUND To maintain a protective barrier, epithelia extrude cells destined to die by contracting a band of actin and myosin. Although extrusion can remove cells triggered to die by apoptotic stimuli, to maintain constant cell numbers, epithelia extrude live cells, which later die by anoikis. Because transformed cells may override anoikis and survive after extrusion, the direction of extrusio...

traumatic retrolisthesis is a rare injury and may result in intervertebral disc extrusion and nerve root injury. these injuries are highly unstable and require surgery for decompression and stabilization. traumatic retrolisthesis of l5 with acute l5/s1 disc extrusion associated with nerve root injury has not been reported previously in english literatures. we herein report a case of traumatic r...

The break-up of microparticle surface oxides is needed to generate a clean metal-metal contact for metallurgical bonding during impact events such as seen in cold-spray. However, the mechanism by which this occurs not clear. Using laser-induced particle tester, we conduct site-specific experiment single Cu impacts on polished substrate and characterize sites. We observe that oxide layers partic...

BACKGROUND Ultrasound techniques have been utilized for detection of discrete meniscus tears and extrusion. Meniscal extrusion is associated with increased contact pressure and decreased contact area contributing to the advancement of knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this biomechanical study was to detect meniscal extrusion using a clinically available, portable ultrasound device. And furthe...

Acid extrusion is essential for osteoclast (OC) activity. We examined Na+ and HCO3(-)-independent H+ extrusion in rat- and mouse OCs by measuring intracellular pH (pHi) changes, with the pHi indicator BCECF (biscarboxyethyl-5-(6) carboxyfluorescein) after H+ loading with an ammonium pulse. 90% of OCs attached to glass do not possess HCO3- and Na(+)-independent H(+)-extrusion (rate of pHi recove...