abstract aim and background: primary maladaptive schemas are  main pattern of many personality disorders, comparison of primary maladaptive schemas can prepare a strong credit for schematherapy. the purpose of the present study was to determine the dominant schemas and comparison of early maladaptive schemas in avoidant personality disorders patients and normal individuals.   methods and materi...

Despite the wide range of studies on how students’ past knowledge influences their understanding scientific terminology, few were conducted to compare non-scientific language with language, or rather everyday from a cognitive linguistic perspective. The present paper aims determine mechanisms, i.e., image schemas, conceptual metaphor, and metonymy, which underpin conceptualisation Arabic term س...

A method for recognizing algorithms by detecting algorithmic schemas is presented. The method uses the findings of the studies on programming schemas, according to which experts develop schemas, high-level cognitive constructs that abstract knowledge of programming structures, and use them in comprehending and solving similar problems that differ in lower level details. We introduce a set of sc...

BACKGROUND Beck's cognitive theory of depression has received little empirical support. AIMS To test whether those with negative self-schemas were at risk of onset of depression. METHOD Data were collected by postal questionnaire from 12,003 women recruited during early pregnancy; questionnaires included measures of depressive symptoms and negative self-schemas. Regular questionnaires were ...

In order to investigate the utility of earliest childhood memories (EMs) in clinical assessment, this study investigated the value of EMs in predicting naturally occurring depressive mood states. Of interest were those features of EMs that discriminate depressed from nondepressed individuals. Subjects were 212 undergraduate volunteers who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Profile of ...

One common cultural organizing principle is event sequencing. This article describes and illustrates two widespread examples of this kind of organization, cultural routines, and cultural templates. Cultural routines organize recurrent activities in time and space. Cultural templates rely on causally linked sequences of more abstract events to support reasoning and narrative. Why should so much ...

A major challenge in natural language understanding research in artificial intelligence (AI) has been and still is the grounding of symbols in a representation that allows for rich semantic interpretation, inference, and deduction. Across cognitive linguistics and other disciplines, a number of principled methods for meaning representation of natural language have been proposed that aim to emul...

In cognitive studies on metaphor, the elements and relations responsible for the linguistic instantiations of conceptual metaphors are investigated on the conceptual level of crossdomain mappings. Though the cognitive approach devises strategies to model the inference patterns necessary to understand metaphorical constructions, it has not devised machinery to model the links between metaphorica...