Much recent evidence suggests some dramatic differences in the way people learn perceptual categories, depending on exactly how the categories were constructed. Four different kinds of category-learning tasks are currently popular-rule-based tasks, information-integration tasks, prototype distortion tasks, and the weather prediction task. The cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging resu...

the aim of this study is to investigate the role of security in social deviations among women of babol city. descriptive survey research method was used and the unit of analysis is 15-29 year old women that 284 women are selected on the basis of cochran formula and using multi-stage random cluster sampling. the results show that there is a weak significant relationship between the independent v...

Cognitive biological structures, social organizations, and computing machines operating in real time are subject to Rate Distortion Theorem constraints driven by the homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density. This exposes the unitary structure/environment system to a relentless entropic torrent compounded by sudden large deviations causing increased average distort...

This paper discusses a class of risk measures developed from a risk measure recently proposed for insurance pricing. This paper reviews the distortion function approach developed in the actuarial literature for insurance risk. The proportional hazards transform is a particular case. The relationship between this approach to risk and other approaches including the dual theory of choice under ris...

Using generalized ‘language of thought’ arguments appropriate to interacting cognitive modules, we explore how disease states can interact with medical treatment, including, but not limited to, drug therapy. The feedback between treatment and response creates a kind of idiotypic ‘hall of mirrors’ generating a pattern of ‘efficacy’, ‘treatment failure’, and ‘adverse reactions’ which will, from a...

Cognitive biological structures, social organizations, and computing machines operating in real time are subject to Rate Distortion Theorem constraints driven by the homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density. This exposes the unitary structure/environment system to a relentless entropic torrent compounded by sudden large deviations causing increased average distort...

In order for learning to improve the adaptiveness of an animal's behavior and thus direct evolution in the way Baldwin suggested, the learning mechanism must incorporate an innate evaluation of how the animal's actions in uence its reproductive tness. For example, many circumstances that damage an animal, or otherwise reduce its tness are painful and tend to be avoided. We refer to the mechanis...

− − − −− − − −A video encoder has to make many mode decisions in order to achieve the goal of a low bit rate, high quality, and fast implementation. We propose a general classification based approach to making such mode decisions accurately and efficiently. We first illustrate the approach using the Intra-Inter coding mode decision. We then focus on the decision to skip or code a frame for rate...

Video streaming applications have been gaining interest rapidly in various perspectives from entertainment to e-learning. Practically, these applications suffer from inevitable loss in the transmission channels. Hence it is a challenging task to improve the quality of video streaming over the error prone channels. Multiple Description Coding (MDC) is a promising error resilient coding scheme wh...