The current study examined individual differences in self-initiated processing (SIP) in memory tasks. Participants performed four memory tasks that varied the amount of SIP required at encoding, retrieval, or both as well as cognitive ability measures. It was found that the correlation between recall performance and cognitive abilities changed as a function of the amount of SIP required. Additi...

We provide evidence on the relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive abilities and earnings in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we employ two ultra-short IQ-tests and several measures of personality traits, namely locus of control, reciprocity and all basic items from the Five Factor Personality Inventory. Our estimates suggest a positive effect of so-calle...

The right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) is thought to be closely related to theory of mind (ToM) and cognitive empathy. In the present study, we investigated whether these socio-cognitive abilities could be modulated with non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the rTPJ. Participants received anodal (excitatory), cathodal (inhibitory), or sham stimulation before perfor...

Abstract I describe a cognitive latent variable model, a combination of a cognitive model and a latent variable model that can be used to aggregate information regarding cognitive parameters across participants and tasks. The model is ideally suited for uncovering relationships between latent task abilities as they are expressed in experimental paradigms, but can also be used as data fusion too...

Games are often considered a pastime for the youth, and most digital games are specifically designed to appeal to this demographic. Recently however, there has been an increased focus on “serious games” intended to produce positive effects for elders (i.e., older adults aged 65 and above). Digital games have been shown to have potential beneficial effects on elders' cognitive abilities (e.g., [...

Objective: Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that is important in measuring and evaluating the cognitive abilities of its patients. Therefore, the diagnostic dimensions of functional differences in cognitive abilities of subgroups of this disease are important.  Methods: The research was done with post-event design. The sample consisted of 60 subjects from different groups of patie...

Females and males show different average patterns of academic achievement and scores on cognitive ability tests. Females obtain higher grades in school, score much higher on tests of writing and content-area tests on which the questions are similar to material that was learned in school, attain a majority of college degrees, and are closing the gap in many careers that were traditionally male. ...

background: there is no doubt that education has an important role in developing and promoting student's creative ability. creativity is an equivalent for divergent production based on guilford's theory. he was the first one to propose the concept of creativity in psychology. he believed divergent production is the main characteristic of creativity. divergent production is one of the basic conc...

In order to better understand the evolution of cognitive abilities in primates, information on cognitive traits of the most basal living primates can provide important comparative baseline data. Compared to haplorhine primates, lemurs have relatively smaller brains and reduced abilities to solve problems in the technical and social domain. However, recent studies have suggested that some cognit...

BACKGROUND Several previous investigations have explored the relationship between cognitive abilities and speech understanding with short and long hearing aid compression release times in adult hearing aid wearers. Although there was consensus that such a relationship exists, the details have not been consistent across studies. This investigation was designed to further explore, extend, and gen...