Considerations of justice with regards to climate change adaptation are increasingly called for in the academic literature, but little attention has been paid dimensions regarding development policy and instruments used. Thus, there is a gap when it comes connecting different types strategies plans. Here, we synthesise findings previous studies create an index four context adaptation: recogniti...

This investigation of the codon context of enterobacteria, plasmid, and phage protein genes was based on a search for correlations between the presence of one base type at codon position III and the presence of another base type at some other position in adjacent codons. Enterobacterial genes were compared with eukaryotic sequences for codon context effects. In enterobacterial genes, base usage...

the aim of this paper is to assess the adaptation of iran’s energy policies to the kyoto protocol. in the past two decades, iran has experienced a considerable increase in greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions; in 2013 it was the world’s ninth largest emitter. although adapting to this protocol in iran’s energy and climate policies seems vital and urgent, its recent status is not promising. this paper...

The translation efficiency of most Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes remains fairly constant across poor and rich growth media. This observation has led us to revisit the available data and to examine the potential utility of a protein abundance predictor in reinterpreting existing mRNA expression data. Our predictor is based on large-scale data of mRNA levels, the tRNA adaptation index, and the e...

background and aims: the ectodomain of matrix protein of influenza virus is a weak immunogen that is highly conserved among all subtypes of influenza a virus. tandem repeats of these genes along with linker were used to enhance immunogenicity of m2e protein and so it can be served as a universal vaccine in both humans and livestock. materials and methods: in this study, the sequences of extra-d...

Rubisco (Ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is the most important enzyme on earth, catalyzing the first step of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. So, without it, there would be no storing of the sun's energy in plants. Molecular adaptation of Rubisco to C4 photosynthetic pathway has attracted a lot of attention. C4 plants, which comprise less than 5% of land plants, have evolved more e...

Prokaryotes evolved to thrive in an extremely diverse set of habitats, and their proteomes bear signatures of environmental conditions. Although correlations between amino acid usage and environmental temperature are well-documented, understanding of the mechanisms of thermal adaptation remains incomplete. Here, we couple the energetic costs of protein folding and protein homeostasis to build a...

Mycoplasma, which was used to create the first "synthetic life", has been an important species in the emerging field, synthetic biology. However, essential genes, an important concept of synthetic biology, for both M. mycoides and M. capricolum, as well as 14 other Mycoplasma with available genomes, are still unknown. We have developed a gene essentiality prediction algorithm that incorporates ...