Background: Expression of virus coat protein (CP) in Escherichia coli often leads to production of partially folded aggregated proteins which are called inclusion bodies. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the most serious and widespread grapevine virus diseases around the world and in Iran.Objective: The main objective of this study was to find a s...

Transient expression is a rapid, useful approach for producing proteins of interest in plants. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based transient expression vectors can express very high levels of foreign proteins in plants. However, TMV vectors are, in general, not efficiently delivered to plant cells by agroinfection. It was determined that agroinfection was very efficient with a 35S promoterdriven T...

The display of proteins such as feed enzymes at the surface of bacterial spore systems has a great potential use for animal feed. Feed enzymes increase the digestibility of nutrients, leading to greater efficiency in the manufacturing of animal products and minimizing the environmental impact of increased animal production. To deliver their full potential in the gut, feed enzymes must survive t...

proteins into clathrin pathways. Because of their key The clathrin pathway is the principal route for receprole in linking sorted proteins with the clathrin coat, the tor-mediated endocytosis and growth factor downregassembly factors are now referred to as heterotetramulation. Heterotetrameric clathrin adaptors directly eric clathrin adaptors. link the clathrin coat with cargo transmembrane pro...

Scaffolding proteins are required for high fidelity assembly of most high T number dsDNA viruses such as the large bacteriophages, and the herpesvirus family. They function by transiently binding and positioning the coat protein subunits during capsid assembly. In both bacteriophage P22 and the herpesviruses the extreme scaffold C terminus is highly charged, is predicted to be an amphipathic al...

The Dictyostelium spore is surrounded by a 220 microm thick trilaminar coat that consists of inner and outer electron-dense layers surrounding a central region of cellulose microfibrils. In previous studies, a mutant strain (TL56) lacking three proteins associated with the outer layer exhibited increased permeability to macromolecular tracers, suggesting that this layer contributes to the coat ...

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus-specific proteins synthesized in vivo upon infection of E. coli with phage AMS21 2 yields three main fractions designated as proteins I, II, and III, of which protein III is coat protein. Experimerits with "amber" mutants indicate that protein JI is a viral RNA synlthetase, whereas protein I12 ' is a "maturation" protein.4 Translation of the RNA o...