Arsenic and selenium compounds may be emitted to the environment during coal conversion processes, although some compounds are retained in the fly ashes, in different proportions depending on the characteristics of the ashes and process conditions. The possibility of optimizing the conditions to achieve better trace element retention appears to be an attractive, economical option for reducing t...

Coal and coal combustion byproducts can have significant concentrations of lanthanides (rare earth elements). Rare earths are vital in the production of modern electronics and optics, among other uses. Enrichment in coals may have been a function of a number of processes, with contributions from volcanic ash falls being among the most significant mechanisms. In this paper, we discuss some of th...

Concrete performs well when exposed to various atmospheric conditions, water, soil, and many other chemical exposures. However, some chemical environments or even water can deteriorate high-quality concrete. Paper considers the usefulness of current fly ash concrete technology and prevention techniques, and advances a new approach for making concrete resist the deleterious effects of corrosion....

Pulverized coal injection has assisted the steel industry to lower operating costs, extend coke oven life and lower greenhouse emissions. As the understanding of the impact of quality of the injected coal has increased, there has been a shift from high volatile thermal coals to low volatile semi-anthracites. A heat and mass model was used to investigate the impact of the injected coal propertie...

The proximate analysis is the most common form of coal evaluation and it reveals the quality of a coal sample. It examines four factors including the moisture, ash, volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC) within the coal sample. Every factor is determined through a distinct experimental procedure under ASTM specified conditions. These determinations are time consuming and require a signific...

UNLABELLED Disruptions to the microbiome can impact host health as can exposure to environmental contaminants. However, few studies have addressed how environmental contaminants impact the microbiome. We explored this question for frogs that breed in wetlands contaminated with fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion that is enriched in trace elements. We found differences in the bacterial comm...

Coal is a highly variable fuel, which ranges from high heating-value anthracite through various forms of bituminous coal to intermediates in coal formation, viz. lignite and peat. Each of these types of fuel can contain different levels of moisture, non-combustible inorganic material (ash), sulfur, and sometimes significant levels of other impurities, e.g. arsenic, fluorine, lead and mercury. R...

The appropriate utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) residues is a worldwide studied topic over the last decades. One of the possibilities is to use MSWI ashes in concrete production, as it is done with coal combustion products. The bottom ash features the most convenient composition for this purpose, and it is available in highest amounts among the MSWI ashes. Untreated bot...

This paper presents an Effect of Fly Ash on Properties of Concrete. In the present study. Use of fly ash in concrete imparts several environmental benefits and thus it is ecofriendly. It saves the cement requirement for the same strength thus saving of raw materials such as limestone, coal etc required for manufacture of cement. Fly ash is pozzolanic material & it improving the properties of co...

The ratio of furnace bottom ash (FBA) to flyash produced in a coal-fired boiler was historically around 25:75 with utility boilers operating with an unstaged combustion regime. With the advent of low NOx burner systems this ratio has changed and is now 15:85 or even lower. This is unfortunate since the demand for FBA is high, with 100% of is sold to the construction industry, whereas only 50% o...