Central nervous system (CNS) tumor markers that have been m easured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include among others, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), aldolase, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), lysozyme, creatinine kinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, the polyamines and desmosterol. Such markers have at least five possible functions in the diagn...

Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood via so-called "liquid biopsies" carries enormous clinical potential in malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) because of the potential to follow disease evolution with a blood test, without the need for repeat neurosurgical procedures with their inherent risk of patient morbidity. To date, studies in non-CNS malignancies, partic...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common childhood malignancy. The French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumors (NRCST) makes it possible to describe this variety of distinct tumor types and to provide incidence and survival data in France on a nationwide basis. METHODS All children aged 0-14 years, who were registered with a primary CNS tumor in the NRC...

It is estimated that 10% to 30% of patients with solid tumors are diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. Common primary sites include lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal. Brain metastases are increasing, due to the aging population, detection of subclinical disease, and control of systemic disease. CNS metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting...

Despite scientific advances in understanding the causes and treatment of human malignancy, a persistent challenge facing basic and clinical investigators is how to adequately treat primary and metastatic brain tumors. The blood-brain barrier is a physiologic obstruction to the delivery of systemic chemotherapy to the brain parenchyma and central nervous system (CNS). A number of physiologic pro...

background: tumors involving the hand skeleton are rare. however, a basic knowledge of hand tumors is necessary for every clinician. this is due to the importance of distinguishing typical benign tumors from life or limb threatening malignant ones. methods: this study is a review of 99 cases of osseous hand tumors presented to the department of orthopedic surgery, imam khomeini hospital in tehr...

E are relatively rare neuroepithelial tumors and account for 3-7% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Among pediatric CNS tumors, ependymomas are the third most common intracranial tumor (6-14%) after juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The incidence in children is reported to be six times that in adults. Fifty percent of them occur under the age of fiv...

Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS), including neoplastic meningitis (NM), is a devastating complication of systemic cancer. With the improved survival of cancer patients, the incidence of CNS metastasis is rising, especially among those with breast or lung carcinoma. New therapies that effectively treat these primary tumors outside of the CNS have underscored the significance of CNS...

AIM The purpose of the present study was to compare microarray gene-expression profiling data between primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and non-CNS lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed whole-genomic cDNA-mediated annealing, selection and ligation assay with 177 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. RESULTS We identified 20 differentially expressed genes out of...

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are extremely rare and account for only 3%-5% of all germ cell tumors. These tumors are rarely associated with metachronous primary testicular germ cell tumors. We report the fourth case of a primary germ cell tumor occurring after the treatment of a primary CNS germ cell tumor in a 27 year-old male with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testicle 9 years after the tr...