Clostridium taeniosporum, a non-pathogenic anaerobe closely related to the C. botulinum Group II members, was isolated from Crimean lake silt about 60 years ago. Its endospores are surrounded by an encasement layer which forms a trunk at one spore pole to which about 12-14 large, ribbon-like appendages are attached. The genome consists of one 3,264,813 bp, circular chromosome (with 26.6% GC) an...

In order to clarify the mechanism of activation of L-threonine deaminase by adenosine diphosphate, the enzyme was purified about 700.fold from sonic extracts of Closlridium tetanomorphum, and kinetic and ADP-binding studies were carried out. Plots of reaction rates against L-threonine concentrations gave a sigmoid curve in the absence of ADP, whereas a hyperbolic curve was obtained in the prese...

Modular type I polyketide synthases (PKS) produce a vast array of bacterial metabolites with highly diverse biological functions. Notably, all known polyketides were isolated from aerobic bacteria, and yet no example has been reported for strict anaerobes. In this study we explored the diversity and distribution of PKS genes in the genus Clostridium. In addition to comparative genomic analyses ...

Small non-coding bacterial RNAs (sRNAs) have been found in genomes of many model organisms. Many studies show that sRNAs play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes in bacteria. Clostridium acetobutylicum is a gram-positive, rodshaped anaerobe that produces acetone, butanol and ethanol through fermentation of a variety of carbon sources. It regained interest for potential...

Recent work reported from this laboratory (1 to 7) has shown that clostridia grow and produce toxins readily in anoxic muscle in zivo, and that they are readily introduced into dog muscles during the course of traumatizing procedures. Moreover, our previous experiments have suggested that these and perhaps other bacteria may be responsible for a toxic factor contributing to shock in traumatizin...

Sequence matching analyses show that Clostridium tetani neurotoxin shares numerous pentapeptides (68, including multiple occurrences) with 42 human proteins that, when altered, have been associated with epilepsy. Such a peptide sharing is higher than expected, nonstochastic, and involves tetanus toxin-derived epitopes that have been validated as immunopositive in the human host. Of note, an une...

DESCRIPTION Tripedia , Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed (DTaP), for intramuscular use, is a sterile preparation of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed, with acellular pertussis vaccine in an isotonic sodium chloride solution containing thimerosal as a preservative and sodium phosphate to control pH. After shaking, the vaccine is a homogeneous white sus...

An improved domino/Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of two new aldehyde substrates; 7-olefinoxy-coumarin-8-carbaldehyde and 2-alkensulfanyl-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde, with pyrazolones was studied in ionic liquid triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), affording a series of pyrazolopyran annulated-pyrano-fused coumarins, and thiopyrano-fused quinolones. Besides acting as catalyst, since no additi...

Background: Tetanus caused by clostridium tetani, despite being a preventable disease, is still posing significant health hazard to developing countries like Pakistan. Objective: To determine in-hospital mortality among patients of severe adult tetanus presenting with bad prognostic factors.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department Medicine, Medical Teachi...

We report here that animals can be protected against lethal infection by Clostridium tetani cells and Bacillus anthracis spores following topical application of intact particles of live or gamma-irradiated Escherichia coli vectors overproducing tetanus and anthrax antigens, respectively. Cutaneous gammadeltaT cells were rapidly recruited to the administration site. Live E. coli cells were not f...