Nomenclature Ak = time-dependent coefŽ cient of the kth proper orthogonal decompositionmode Aest k = estimation of Ak B = matrix containing the bk coefŽ cients bk = coefŽ cients associatedwith the control input ck i j = coefŽ cients of the nonlinear function gk fa = control input resulting form external forcing of the cylinder gk = nonlinear function of the time-dependent low-dimensionalmodes J...

Closed-loop controllers use outputs of the system to improve overall stability and increase tolerance against external disturbances. The latter makes it possible to control inherently unstable systems. As expected, there are some important differences from open-loop controllers. Most importantly, we must distinguish between measurable outputs of the system and the properties we really want to c...

Closed-loop system identification and fault detection and isolation are the two fundamental building blocks of process monitoring. Efficient and accurate process monitoring increases plant availability and utilisation. This dissertation investigates a subspace system identification and fault detection methodology for the Benfield process, used by Sasol, Synfuels in Secuda, South Africa, to remo...

For an undirected graph without self-loop, we prove: (i) that the number of closed patterns in the adjacency matrix of is even; (ii) that the number of the closed patterns is precisely double the number of maximal complete bipartite subgraphs of ; (iii) that for every maximal complete bipartite subgraph, there always exists a unique and distinct pair of closed patterns that matches the two vert...