OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of self reported form of female genital mutilation (FGM) and to compare the extent of cutting verified by clinical examination with the corresponding World Health Organization classification. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTINGS One paediatric hospital and one gynaecological outpatient clinic in Khartoum, Sudan, 2003-4. PARTICIPANTS 255 girls aged 4-9...

BACKGROUND Reliable evidence about the effect of female genital mutilation (FGM) on obstetric outcome is scarce. This study examines the effect of different types of FGM on obstetric outcome. METHODS 28 393 women attending for singleton delivery between November, 2001, and March, 2003, at 28 obstetric centres in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan were examined before deli...

INTRODUCTION Clitromegaly can be congenital or acquired with the former type being more prevalent. The main etiology behind the acquired type is hormonal imbalance affecting mainly adult women. This type is seen mostly in association with polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperthecosis, ovarian tumors, and clitoral cysts or it can be drug-induced. Clitoral leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of female ...

Mammalian external genitals show sexual dimorphism [1, 2] and can change size and shape upon sexual arousal. Genitals feature prominently in the oldest pieces of figural art [3] and phallic depictions of penises informed psychoanalytic thought about sexuality [4, 5]. Despite this longstanding interest, the neural representations of genitals are still poorly understood [6]. In somatosensory cort...

INTRODUCTION Females despairing of restless genital syndrome (ReGS) may request clitoridectomy for treatment of unwanted genital sensations. Aim. The aim of this study was to report persistence of ReGS despite clitoridectomy. METHODS Following a clitoridectomy for spontaneous orgasms, a 77-year-old woman was referred to our clinic for persistent unwanted genital sensations and feelings of imm...

To cite: Gopal-Kothandapani JS, Petkar A, O’Shea E, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2013-010123 DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old girl was referred with a 1 year history of ‘strings in her bottom’. Her parents were unrelated and white Caucasian. Pregnancy and birth history were unremarkable. Postnatal examination had shown normal female genitalia. A...

Female moles of the Old World genus Talpa display a curious suite of reproductive features that include a peniform clitoris and ovaries with a discrete interstitial gland or testis-like region (so-called 'ovotestes'). The masculinization of the female external genitalia in Talpa has accordingly been linked with secretion of androgens from the interstitial gland region of the fetal gonad. Althou...

Abstract Introduction Erogenous zones (EZs) of the body elicit sexual arousal in response to touch. While previous studies have attempted map erogeneity throughout body, they did not assess internal surfaces or individual genital structures/sub-areas. Furthermore, work query how important specific EZs were subjects’ pleasure, nor it what areas people specifically dislike having touched during s...