Social defeat induces stress-responses in a wide array of vertebrates and can generate winner-loser effects. Dynamic condition-dependent signaling systems that reflect preparation for subsequent agonistic interactions, and thereby mediate winner-loser effects, should be more sensitive to competitive history than to non-social sources of stress. Bill color of female American goldfinches (Spinus ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the hospital mortality rates associated with elective surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS We identified a cohort of patients electively admitted to US hospitals with the diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysm from the National Inpatient Sample database for the years 2000 through 2006. Patient demog...

A bioassay of Selsun(R) for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by applying this substance dermally to ICR Swiss mice. Selsun(R), an antidandruff shampoo, contains 2.5% selenium sulfide. Groups of 50 mice of each sex were exposed to 0.05 ml of 25% or 50% Selsun(R) in distilled water three times a week on a 2-x 3-cm clipped dorsal surface. Vehicle controls consisted of 50 mice of each sex tha...

Exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma active renin concentration and blood pressure were measured in rats with a sole remaining kidney before and after the development of hypertension induced by clipping of the single renal artery and again after unclipping. Control observations were made in sham-clipped and sham-unclipped uninephrectomized rats. Renal artery clipping caused hypertension and expans...

We report a case of a ruptured saccular aneurysm of the distal posterior cerebral artery (P3). The aneurysm was successfuly clipped through an occipital interhemispheric approach and the patient was discharged without any neurological deficit.

This paper discusses the theoretical limits for resolution (number of pixels) and maximum contrast for clipped Gaussian and Uniform profile beams in scanning display systems. The results are applicable to scanning microdisplays (e.g. Virtual Retinal Display™) and scanning projection displays.