most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. the puzzle test (pt) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. this test has been introduced first in 2009 by monajemi et al in the oly...

background: objective structured clinical examination (osce) is one of the best methods of evaluating the achievement of domains such as educational objectives and cognitive, emotional, and psycho-motor aspects of medical students. according to available evidences, no study has been conducted  on the evaluating of osce in midwifery students. the main purpose of this study was the evaluation of ...

clinical trial committee (ctc) has been established in food and drug organization (fdo), in 2003 to assure efficacy and safety of all types of medicinal products which are meant to be registered in iran drug list and/or obtain market authorization.all clinical trial files, meeting minutes and databases in ctc secretariat in fdo were reviewed. relevant information and data extracted, analyzed an...

background: at the present time, teaching pharmacology for medical students mainly focuses on the basic principles of pharmacology. this study was conducted to assess the current situation of pharmacology teaching and the necessity of developing clinical pharmacology from the viewpoint of medical interns and externs in tabriz university of medical sciences. methods: this descriptive cross-secti...

objective headache is a frequent symptom in children and adolescents. migraine is one of the most common types of primary headache disorders in children that at times can be extremely disabling. many clinical features of migraine in children differ from that starting in adulthood. this review discusses the epidemiology,clinical features, management, and prognosis of migraine headache in childre...

total or partial absence or excess of the sex chromosomes produces different karyotypes and phenotypical abnormalities. upon retrospective analysis of the results of 163444 cytogenetic tests that were performed during 28 years (1987-2015) in this center, different types of sex chromosomal aberrations and the clinical phenotypes are delineated in this article. moreover, the clinical course and t...