A parameterization is described for low-level clouds that are characteristic of the Arctic during winter. This parameterization simulates the activation of aerosols, the aggregation/coalescence, and the gravitational deposition of ice crystals/water droplets and the deposition/condensation of water vapor onto ice crystals/water droplets. The microphysics scheme uses four prognostic variables to...

This paper analyses the global consequences to crop yields, production, and risk of hunger of linked socio-economic and climate scenarios. Potential impacts of climate change are estimated for climate change scenarios developed from the HadCM3 global climate model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1FI, A2, B1, and B2. Projected cha...

One key issue in climate change impact studies is the need to make an in-depth study on the likely impacts facing each country. In this paper, an assessment of the climate change scenario has been carried out for the middleeast region. Particular emphasis has been laid on the climate change issues pertaining to the state of Kuwait – an important state in the Gulf region. A World Bank report pre...

Please note that Tyndall working papers are "work in progress". Whilst they are commented on by Tyndall researchers, they have not been subject to a full peer review. The accuracy of this work and the conclusions reached are the responsibility of the author(s) alone and not the Tyndall Centre. Summary Whilst the majority of the climate research community is now set upon the objective of generat...

today, climate change is one of the most important scientific and even the political – social issues. the causes of climate change can be divided into natural and human - made. natural factors have the long-term performance and long history, such as the cycle of solar activity, dusts and gases of volcanic eruptions, geodetic and static agents and etc. human-made factors was mainly formed and ac...

Socio-economic scenarios constitute an important tool for exploring the long-term consequences of anthropogenic climate change and available response options. They have been applied for different purposes and to a different degree in various areas of climate change analysis, typically in combination with projections of future climate change. Integrated assessment modeling (IAM) has used them to...

The present study is an attempt to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources of the river basins of India which have immense importance in domestic, industrial agricultural and hydropower scenario. A distributed hydrological model developed from HEC-HMS was used on the Indian river basins using the projected daily precipitation and temperature data for the continuous daily range f...

Climate warming is expected to lengthen growing seasons of temperate forest ecosystems and increase gross primary productivity. Simultaneously, warming is expected to increase summer ecosystem respiration, which could offset gains accrued from longer growing seasons. These responses have been observed during anomalously warm years, but the role of future climate change on phenological trade-off...

Probabilistic projection of climate change consists of formulating the climate change information in a probabilistic manner at either global or regional scale. This can produce useful results for studies of the impact of climate change impact and change mitigation. In the present study, a simple yet effective approach is proposed with the purpose of producing probabilistic results of climate ch...