In this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. Furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.

This paper examines critically the contributions of Cournot, Jevons and Walras as the founders of classical mathematical economics from a methodological standpoint. Advances in different economic schools and doctrines in the 19th century produced an environment of multi-dimensionality in economic analysis which was regarded by the pioneers of classical mathematical economists as a chaotic state...

The main goal of this paper is to study the lattice of T L-submodules of a module. It is well-known that the lattice of submodules of a module is modular. In this study, we prove an analogous result for L-sets that is the lattice of L-submodules of a module is modular for an infinitely ∨-distributive lattice.

Throughout this paper, R will denote a commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary R- module and Z will denote the ring of integers. We introduce the graph Ω(M) of module M with the set of vertices contain all nontrivial non-essential submodules of M. We investigate the interplay between graph-theoretic properties of Ω(M) and algebraic properties of M. Also, we assign the values of natura...

Primary-like and weakly primary-like submodules are two new generalizations of primary ideals from rings to modules. In fact, the class of primary-like submodules of a module lie between primary submodules and weakly primary-like submodules properly.  In this note, we show that these three classes coincide when their elements are submodules of a multiplication module and satisfy the primeful pr...

Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. $R$ $G$-graded commutative ring and $M$ graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of classical strongly 2-absorbing second submodules modules over rings. A number results concerning these classes their homogeneous components are given.

Let R be a countable, principal ideal domain which is not a field and A be a countable R-algebra which is free as an R-module. Then we will construct an א1-free R-module G of rank א1 with endomorphism algebra EndRG = A. Clearly the result does not hold for fields. Recall that an R-module is א1-free if all its countable submodules are free, a condition closely related to Pontryagin’s theorem. Th...

In previous our research, the concepts of visible submodules and fully modules were introduced, then these two fuzzified to fuzzy fuzzy. The main goal this paper is study relationships between some types such as semiprime, prime, quasi, divisible, F-regular, quasi injective, duo modules, where under certain conditions it has been proven that each module duo. addition, there are many various pro...