BACKGROUND No study has investigated the impacts of migraine on depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms and remission at the two-year follow-up point among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to investigate the above issues. METHODS Psychiatric outpatients with MDD recruited at baseline were investigated at a two-year follow-up (N = 106). The Hamilton Depression ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last three decades mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated to be a potential mechanism in migraine pathogenesis. The lifetime prevalence of migraine in persons carrying the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA was investigated. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 57 mDNA 3243A>G mutation carriers between May 2012 and October 2014 were included. As a c...

PURPOSE To identify consistent results of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in migraine. METHODS Whole-brain VBM studies comparing migraine patients with healthy controls (HC) were systematically searched in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Medline databases from January 1990 to Dec 2014. Coordinates were extracted from clusters with significant difference in gray matter volume (GM...

STEP 2 Recognize Migraine as a Process.—While headache and migraine are often considered synonymous, they are not. Migraine is always more than headache. Learning the non-headache symptoms associated with your migraine is essential to early recognition of an attack. The headache-associated symptoms of a migraine attack are divided into 3 components: (1) symptoms occurring before the headache be...

BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the drug utilization patterns and factors predicting drug use in pregnant women with migraine. This longitudinal drug utilization study aimed to describe patterns of analgesic use in a sample of Norwegian pregnant women according to their migraine history, and to identify predictors for analgesic use among these women. METHODS Pregnant women giving bir...

Evidence suggests that migraine activity is influenced by hormonal factors, and particularly by estrogen levels, but relatively few studies have investigated the prevalence and characteristics of migraine according to the menopausal status. Overall, population-based studies have shown an improvement of migraine after menopause, with a possible increase in perimenopause. On the contrary, the stu...

BACKGROUND Functional brain imaging in acute migraine has proved challenging because of the logistic problems associated with an episodic condition. Since the seminal observation of brainstem activation in migraine, there has been only a single case substantiating this finding. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that brainstem activation could be detected in migraine and to refine the anatomic ...

BACKGROUND A causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine has been hypothesized, and improvement of migraine frequency and severity after percutaneous PFO closure has been reported. Population-based data on the relationship between PFO and migraine are sparse, however. The objective of this study was to examine the association between PFO and migraine among stroke-free in...

Background—A causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine has been hypothesized, and improvement of migraine frequency and severity after percutaneous PFO closure has been reported. Population-based data on the relationship between PFO and migraine are sparse, however. The objective of this study was to examine the association between PFO and migraine among stroke-free in...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to examine the stress and mood changes of Japanese subjects over the 1-3 days before a migraine headache. METHODS The study participants were 16 patients with migraines who consented to participate in this study. Each subject kept a headache diary four times a day for two weeks. They evaluated the number of stressful events, daily hassles, domestic an...