Most tetrapods possess two nasal organs for detecting chemicals in their environment, which are the sensory detectors of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems. The seventies' view that the olfactory system was only devoted to sense volatiles, whereas the vomeronasal system was exclusively specialized for pheromone detection was challenged by accumulating data showing deep anatomical and functio...

Understanding the evolution of centralized nervous systems requires an understanding of metazoan phylogenetic interrelationships, their fossil record, the variation in their cephalic neural characters, and the development of these characters. Each of these topics involves comparative approaches, and both cladistic and phenetic methodologies have been applied. Our understanding of metazoan phylo...

The deposits corresponding to the Upper Cretaceous Neuquén and San Jorge Gulf basins from northern central Patagonia have provided two of most complete sequences terrestrial vertebrate faunas all Gondwanan landmasses. Among carnivorous components, carcharodontosaurid theropods appeared as common elements during Early earliest Late in Patagonia. Although recorded mostly lower Turonian, isolated ...

SWOFFORD, D. L. 1991. When are phylogency estimates from molecular and morphological data incongruent? Pages 295–333 in Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences (M. M. Miyamoto and J. Cracraft, eds.). Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. THORLEY, J. L.,AND R.D.M.PAGE. 2000. RadCon:Phylogenetic tree comparison and consensus. Bioinformatics 16:486–487. THORLEY, J. L.,M.WILKINSON,ANDM.A. CHARLESTON. 1998. Th...

Wild tomatoes (Solanum L. sect. Lycopersicon (Mill.) Wettst.) are native to western South America. Different classifications have been based on morphological or biological species concepts. Molecular data from mitochondrial DNA restriction sites, nuclear and chloroplast DNA restriction length fragment polymorphisms, and most recently gene sequences of the single-copy nuclear GBSSI or waxy gene,...

The echolocating toothed whales and the filter-feeding baleen whales are traditionally considered as two monophyletic lineages that originated from the extinct cetacean suborder Archaeoceti. While current interpretation of the morphological and behavioural data sets supports toothed-whale monophyly, molecular phylogenies contradict this long-accepted taxonomic subdivision. The molecular data in...

Abstract. In modern molecular systematics, matrices of unordered multistate characters, such as DNA sequence alignments, are used for analysis with no further re-coding procedures nor any a priori determination of character polarity. Here we present 1001, a simple freely available Python-based tool that helps re-code matrices of non-additive characters as different types of binary matrices. Des...