BACKGROUND European Union strategies and programmes identify research and innovation as a critical dimension for future economic and social development. While European research policy emphasizes support for industry, the health field includes not-for-profit civil society organisations (CSOs) providing social innovation. Yet, the perspectives of CSOs towards health research in Europe are not wel...

Grey correlation theory is an uncertainty analysis method, which can find the relevance of various factors studied through certain data processing in incomplete information and main influencing factors. In order to study influence vehicle load on vibration underground civil air defense construction, taking construction at intersection Zhongzhou Middle Road Shachang South Luoyang as subject, bas...

This paper develops a model of short-range ballistic missile defense and uses it to study the performance of Israel’s Iron Dome system. The deterministic base model allows for inaccurate missiles, unsuccessful interceptions, and civil defense. Model enhancements consider the trade-offs in attacking the interception system, the difficulties faced by militants in assembling large salvos, and the ...

he many burdens of government include those attributable to taxation, monetary policy, regulations, and restrictions on civil liberties. This paper is specific to the economic burden of taxation, without in any way minimizing the other types of burdens. The economic burden of taxation is a function of three conditions: the level of the average tax rate, the relation of the marginal tax rate to ...