1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

The right to health and the right to treatment are some of the fundamental rights and essential needs of a society which the state is responsible for this fundamental and permanent society need as the representative of the nation. So the social man has placed the main social duties in the area of the state’s jurisdiction through the choice of the governments, and also has demanded the state to ...

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the effect of learning strategies on the speaking ability of iranian students in the context of language institutes abstract language learning strategies are of the most important factors that help language learners to learn a foreign language and how they can deal with the four language skills specifically speaking skill effectively. acknowledging the great impact of learning strategies...

nowadays, technical terminology translation plays an important role in human life. specific groups of people all over the world refer to learn these terminologies in order to be familiar with a subject and improve their knowledge in that domain. on the other hand, saving the technical translation equivalent is a particularly salient challenge for technical translators. the present study was con...

Introduction: The lack of communication skills among employees could result in less organizational citizenship behavior. Hence improving communication skills is of high necessity. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of communication skills training on the organizational citizenship behavior of nurses. Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, the statistical population incl...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...