Zeatin is a naturally occurring cytokinin. Biosynthesis and metabolism studies of zeatin have been directed mostly at the trans isomer, although cis-zeatin and its riboside occur as major components in some plant species. It is not known whether parallel regulatory pathways exist for the two isomers. Based on the sequence of the gene ZOG1 encoding a trans-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase from Phase...

This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Th...

Tomato sauces were produced from unique tomato varieties to study carotenoid absorption in humans. Tangerine tomatoes, high in cis-lycopene, especially prolycopene (7Z,9Z,7'Z,9'Z), and high-beta-carotene tomatoes as an alternative dietary source of beta-carotene were grown and processed. Sauces were served after 2 week washout periods and overnight fasting for breakfast to healthy subjects (n =...

The predominant isomer of retinoic acid in the plasma of dairy cows during the periparturient period is 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid. Because retinoic acids influence the activity of cells in a variety of tissues, including the immune system, the potential for this isomer to modulate the bovine immune system during the periparturient period must be considered. The present study examined the in vit...

In an attempt to identify the structure of a sesquiterpene from Cistus creticus ssp. creticus proposed in the literature as 1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5-methylene-1,2,3,4,4alpha,5,8,8alpha-octahydronaphthalene, the synthesis of its cis isomer 2 was carried out in 11 steps and 9.5% yield. Comparison of the spectra of 2 and those reported earlier for the synthetic trans isomer 1 with the spectral profi...

Positional isomers of decenoic, dodecenoic, and tetradecenoic acids of human adipose tissue have been separated by gas-liquid chromatography and their amounts determined by oxidative cleavage. The following acids have been shown to be present: 7-decenoic, 8-decenoic, 9-decenoic, 7-, 8-, and 9-dodecenoic, and 7-, 8-, 9-, and 11-tetradecenoic acids. Among all isomers of the even-numbered acids fr...

Objective (s): The present study aimed to assess the adsorption of fullerene C24 with Melphalan anticancer agent in a solvent phase (water) at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) theoretical level.Materials and Methods: Initially, the structures of Melphalan and fullerene complexes were optimized in four configurations. Afterwards, IR calculations and molecular orbital analysis were performed. In addition, som...

Incretin mimetics are set to become a mainstay of type 2 diabetes treatment. By acting on the pancreas and brain, they potentiate insulin secretion and induce weight loss to preserve normoglycemia. Despite this, incretin therapy has been associated with off-target effects, including nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance. A novel photoswitchable incretin mimetic based upon the specific glucago...

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term referring to the positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. This novel fatty acid has been shown to have a number of beneficial actions, including immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiatherogenic effects. Tight junctions of epithelial cells determine epithelial membrane integrity and selective paracellular permeability to ions a...

The rearrangement between isomers 6- and 8-bromo-apigeninidin (6 and 8) was studied by pH jumps using stopped flow, UV/Vis, NMR, and HPLC analysis. The system constitutes a pH-dependent network of chemical reactions involving up to 18 different species. The dynamic network is equivalent to a single diprotic acid exhibiting two pKas, 2.55 and 5.4. Similar to other flavylium derivatives, the mole...