PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report normal macular thickness measurements and assess reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements acquired by a time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Stratus, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and three commercially available spectral/Fourier domain OCT instruments (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.; RTVue-100, Optovue, Inc., ...

Quantifying the aerosol/cloud-mediated radiative effect at a global scale requires simultaneous satellite retrievals of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and cloud base updraft velocities (Wb). Hitherto, the inability to do so has been a major cause of high uncertainty regarding anthropogenic aerosol/cloud-mediated radiative forcing. This can be addressed by the emerging capability...

1) How are SVC defined in these measurements? As stated in the manuscript, the presence of SVC was “detected” using the CPI, which defined the physical boundaries of SVC encountered by the C-130. Because the CPI was operational on every SVC flight, this optimized the definition of physical boundaries of SVC encountered by the WB-57F. Also, as explained in the manuscript, quantitative 2D-S measu...

A rare occurrence of stratospheric cirrus at 18.6 km height persisting for about 5 days during 3– 7 March 2014 is inferred from the ground-based Mie lidar observations over Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) and spaceborne observations. Due to the vertical transport by large updrafts on 3 March in the troposphere, triggered by a potential vorticity intrusion, the water vapour mixing ratio shows an increa...

Surface observations show that multilayer clouds frequently occur in frontal areas where cirrus clouds overlie boundary layer convective clouds or stratus clouds. In this paper, an algorithm is presented for the retrieval of cirrus cloud optical depths and ice crystal sizes in multilayer cloud systems based on the theory of radiative transfer and parameterizations. For the validation of the ret...

[1] Microphysical and optical measurements were performed in midlatitude cirrus clouds at temperatures between 33 C and 60 C during southern and northern Interhemispheric Differences in Cirrus Properties From Anthropogenic Emissions (INCA) field experiments carried out at equivalent latitudes (53 S and 55 N) from Punta Arenas in the Southern Hemisphere (SH, Chile) and Prestwick in the Northern ...

INTRODUCTION Before any new device can replace another for use in clinical practice, it is imperative that its reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy, and ability to detect changes over time are tested. OBJECTIVE To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements between two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems: the Stratus OCT, a time domain system, and the Cirrus HD-OCT, a spectr...

Airborne measurements of solar spectral radiance reflected by cirrus are performed with the HALO-Solar Radiation (HALO-SR) instrument onboard the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in November 2010. The data are used to quantify the influence of surface albedo variability on the retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and crystal effective radius. The applied retrieval of cirru...

Using the data gathered from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 0.63 and 3.7 μm channels, an algorithm for the inference of cirrus cloud optical depth and mean effective size has been developed for the first time. This scheme is based on the correlation between the 3.7 μm (total) and 0.63 μm radiances that is constructed from radiative transfer calculations involving ice cryst...

The paper discusses the sensitivity of the height assignment of optically thin cirrus clouds to satellite calibration errors. Thin cirrus are often used as tracers for the derivation of high-level wind vectors. The height assignment is based on bi-spectral techniques, which in the case of Meteosat use both the IR (10.5 12.5 μm) and WV (5.7 7.1 μm) channels. Height allocation errors for typical ...