INTRODUCTION The West Bank in the Palestinian Territories is undergoing an epidemiologic transition. We provide a general description of mortality from all causes, focusing on chronic disease mortality in adults. METHODS Mortality data analyzed for our study were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health in the West Bank for 1999 through 2003. Individual information was obtained from d...

Based on the finite element method a transient 3D clothed human thermoregulation model is developed. Geometry information of human body is obtained by 3-D scanning data. The controlled system of human body includes three sub-systems which are the tissue system, the circulatory system, and the respiratory system. The 6-node wedge and 8-node block isoparametric elements are used to simulate the h...

A mathematical and computational model combining the heart and circulatory system has been developed to understand the hemodynamics of circulation under normal conditions and ventricular septal defect (VSD). The immersed boundary method has been introduced to describe the interaction between the moving two-dimensional heart and intracardiac blood flow. The whole-heart model is governed by the N...

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment for aortic arch disease requiring periods of circulatory arrest is associated with a spectrum of neurological sequelae. Cerebral oximetry can non-invasively monitor patients for cerebral ischaemia even during periods of circulatory arrest. We hypothesized that cerebral desaturation during circulatory arrest could be described by a mathematical relationship that is ...

Background. The effects of pretreatment with caripo-ride (HOE 642 Aventis Pharma, Strasbourg-Cedex, France), a Na ؉ –H ؉ exchanger (NHE) blocker, were studied in a cerebral ischemia–reperfusion model of hypo-thermic arrest. Methods. Fifteen Yorkshire-Duroc pigs (37.1 ؎ 4.2 kg) underwent femoral–jugular bypass and 90 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest at 19°C. Ten animals were untrea...