Cold drawing is widely applied in the industrial production of seamless tubes, employed for various mechanical applications. During pre-processing, deviations in tools and their adjustment lead to inhomogeneities in the geometry of the tubes and cause a gradient in residuals. In this paper a three dimensional finite element (3D-FE)-model is presented which was developed to calculate the change ...

Abstract In refrigeration systems, evaporative condensers have two main advantages compared to other condensation heat exchangers: They operate at lower temperature than traditional air-cooled and require a quantity of water pumping power towers. The mass transfer that occur on tube batteries are difficult study. aim this work is apply an experimental approach investigate the performance conden...

In this article, we report for the first time on the copper (Cu(2+)) binding characteristics of the far-red fluorescent protein, HcRed, and its application in the development of a reagentless sensing system for copper. The far-red emission of HcRed (lambda(max) = 645 nm) where background cellular fluorescence is low should prove to be advantageous in the development of the sensing system. In th...

Two methods of attaching fluidic interconnects are presented. By using gold to gold fusion bonding and copper to gold fusion bonding, micro-scale tubes are attached to a MUMPS fabricated fluidic channel. The fusion bonding is done by resistively heating a gold layer on top of the poly 2 layer, so that the gold melts. A range of different heater geometries is presented. The tensile and shear str...