Nucleic acid amplification is a hugely important technology for biology and medicine. While the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been highly useful and effective, its reliance on heating and cooling cycles places some constraints on its utility. For example, the heating step of PCR can destroy biological molecules under investigation and heat/cool cycles are not applicable in living systems....

This paper theoretically describes how to compose a single Pythagorean hodograph (PH) quintic Bézier spiral segment, between two circles with one circle inside the other. A spiral is free of local curvature extrema, making spiral design an interesting mathematical problem with importance for both physical and aesthetic applications. The curvature of a spiral varies monotonically with arc-length...

We present a tightly controlled process for strand-specific amplification of circularized DNA molecules. Tandem repeated complements of DNA circles are generated by rolling-circle replication, and converted to monomer circles of opposite polarity to that of the starting material. These circles are then subjected to one more round of rolling-circle replication and circularization, and the proces...

Iris localization is a very important approach in biometric identification systems. Identification process usually is implemented in three levels: iris localization, feature extraction, and pattern matching finally. Accuracy of iris localization as the first step affects all other levels and this shows the importance of iris localization in an iris based biometric system. In this paper, we cons...

Let us take two groups of, say, 310 people each, drawn from the same population. Now let usdraw two large circles. Withineachcircle, let usdraw31 equallyspacedsmallercir-cles, sothat,foreachsmallcircleinonelargecircle, thereisan equivalently situated small circle in the other large circle. Now we instruct the 31 0 people to form self-assorted sub-groupsof lopeopleeach, andoccupyoneofthesmallcir...

AIM The function of the circle of Willis, an arterial polygon, is to protect the brain from ischemia. The aim of this study is to define the structural characteristics of the circle of Willis within the Turkish adult population, along with variations and arteries involved in the measurement of diameters and lengths on cadavers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The circle of Willis was evaluated in 100 fr...

We have used restriction endonucleases PstI, EcoRI, HapII, HhaI, and S1 nuclease to demonstrate the presence of a large complex component, the maxi-circle, in addition to the major mini-circle component in kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) networks of Trypanosoma brucei (East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organization [EATRO] 427). Endonuclease PstI and S1 nuclease cut the maxi-circle at a single site,...