Device simulation was employed to investigate the effect of metal back contact electrodes on performance n-type CdS/p-CIGS thin film solar cells using varying thicknesses absorber layer at operating temperature 300K. The working temperatures also studied from 300K 400K in steps 10K. simulations were carried out standard cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) 3.3.03 version software. results showed ...

Tandem solar cells have a superb potential to push the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic technologies. They can be also more stable and economical. In this simulation work, an efficient perovskite cell (PSC) with Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport material (HTM) no electron (ETM) replace traditional PSC structure is presented. This then used top sub together copper indium gallium su...

Abstract Lightweight and flexible photovoltaic solar cells modules are promising technologies that may result in the wide usage of light-to-electricity energy conversion devices. This communication presents prospects Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS)-based lightweight The current status CIGS minimodules with efficiency values greater than 18% future directions to enhance their toward >20% discussed. effe...

cu(in,ga)se2 thin films (cigs) on metallic substrate (titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, stainless steel) were prepared by a two-step selenization of co-evaporated metallic precursors in se-containing environment under n2 gas flow. structural properties of prepared thin film were studied. to characterize the optical quality and intrinsic defect nature low-temperature photoluminescence, were perfor...

The extent to which grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline materials may be detrimental, benign, or even beneficial is explored with numerical simulations in two dimensions. We focus on the effects of GB recombination in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells and its effects on solar-cell performance. The simulations predict that (1) for device efficiency exceeding 17%, the effective GB recombinati...

In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, interface recombination is one of the most important limiting factors with respect to device performance. Herein, metal–insulator–semiconductor samples are used investigate and compare passivation effects Al2O3 HfO2 at CIGS. Capacitance–voltage–frequency measurements allow qualitatively quantitatively assess existence high negative charge density (Q...

In this paper, we propose an approach for speci cation and analysis of Computer-Interpretable Clinical Guidelines (CIGs) that was inspired by Behaviour-Driven Development. The expected behaviour of a CIG is speci ed by requirements in natural language. On the one hand, those requirements are used as design input for guideline development. On the other hand, they can be checked against time-orie...

Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve solar PV system parameters (electrical energy, array yield, and irradiation). Additionally, study temperature (both ambient of modules), performance ratio, efficiency. The is situated at Al-Taji town Baghdad. These improvements achieved by using planar increase radiation (made aluminium metal). results demonstrated a 21% yearly ...