background and aim: approaches to professional health care have changed along with changes in health measures and progression of chronic diseases. patient participation is an international golden standard in new nursing paradigm. despite the importance of patient participation and its routine usage in professional care, this concept is not clear, especially in social and cultural context of ira...

background: given the importance of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and role of different factors in self-care behaviors of copd patients, this study was conducted to determine the effect of self-efficacy program on self-care behaviors of copd patients. materials and methods: in this semi-experimental study, 62 copd patients were recruited in which 31 subjects were in control g...

the rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (ckd) and an increase in the prevalence of obesity in parallel in the recent years is a great concern. ckd increases the rate of cardiovascular disease (cvd) and development of end-stage renal disease, and leads to premature death. although no direct causality link between obesity and ckd can yet be established, this appears highly probable. ...

background: the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency is higher in end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients compared to healthy populations. this deficiency could lead to several complications with different mechanisms and might result in reduced survival in patients. leptin and adiponectin are messenger proteins with endocrine secretion from adipocytes and various effects in cellular mechanisms. t...

Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to determine and compare the various parameters and indices of portal vein, hepatic artery and splenic artery by sonographic Doppler imaging in chronic hepatitis C patients and healthy individuals.Methods: 45 Chronic Hepatitis C patients and 90 Healthy adults formed two groups. All participants underwent color Doppler imaging of the portal vein, hepati...

A patient is described where oesophageal varices developed and bled 13 days after a paracetamol overdose. The bleeding was unresponsive to medical management and proved fatal. There was no evidence that the patient had pre-existing liver disease. At necropsy the liver showed severe acute parenchymal necrosis but chronic lesions were absent. The portal vein and hepatic veins were patent.

INTRODUCTION Bleeding ectopic small bowel varices pose a clinical dilemma for the physician, given their diagnostic obscurity and the lack of evidence-based medicine to guide therapy. They often occur in the context of portal hypertension, secondary to either liver disease or extrahepatic causes. Rarely is their presence associated with chronic superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and hereditary...

Asymptomatic chronic retinal vein occlusion that occurs in chronic simple glaucoma is described. The condition is characterized by marked elevation of retinal vein pressure with collateral vessels and vein loops at the optic disc in cases of central vein occlusion, or retinal veno-venous anastomoses along a horizontal line temporal and nasal to the disc in hemisphere vein occlusion. No patient ...

gene polymorphism of cytokines influencing their function has been known as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the tooth and implant supporting tissues. the aim of this study was to investigate the association of il-17r gene polymorphism (rs879576) with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis in an iranian population. 73 patients with chronic periodontitis, ...

Chronic venous insufficiency is a major medical disease in the United States. With a total population of 300 million, it is estimated that 25 million persons in this country alone have symptoms of this disease (1 in 12). Great saphenous vein reflux is the most common form of venous insufficiency in symptomatic patients and is most frequently responsible for varicose veins of the lower extremity...