The most common extrapulmonary problems in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are cardiovascular comorbidities, muscle weakness and dysfunction [1–3]. Indeed, the reduced peripheral muscle mass and strength increase patient’s symptoms during effort (fatigue and or dyspnoea) and progressively lead to disability. Furthermore, both lower and upper limb dysfunction has been shown...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, al...

In chronic pulmonary emboli, lung perfusion may be maintained by either recanalization of occluded pulmonary artery segments or collateral bronchial circulation. We present a case of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema superimposed on chronic pulmonary emboli, in which the occluded segments of lung were spared from pulmonary edema, but not from neutrophil infiltration. This case demonstrates that ch...

Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are highly directed to return patients suffering from chronic lung diseases to a state of self-help. These programs are largely organized as temporary interventions in a highly fragmented delivery care system for patients with chronic respiratory conditions. In an optimal health care organizational structure, pulmonary rehabilitation needs to be considered as a...

Mexican migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the US-Mexico border region face health hazards and occupational risks and are becoming commonly known in the public health literature. According to several studies, farmworkers have high levels of chronic diseases such as diabetes and respiratory problems, are at risk for infectious diseases, and experience among the highest incidences of work-relate...

BACKGROUND Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism is important for evaluating the need for screening but is also a subject of debate because of different inclusion criteria among previous studies. We determined the...

A 71-year white male presented to pulmonologists with progressively worsening respiratory problems a chronic productive cough, asthma symptoms and malaise. The patient was subjected the traditional treatment of antibiotics, cough suppressants, inhaled bronchodilator corticosteroids. After multiple failed combinations inhalers, had sputum sample, which analyzed by special stains targeted Next Ge...